Development of new hepatitis E vaccines

Cao, Yufeng; Bing, Zhenhong; Guan, Shiyu; Zhang, Zecai; Wang, Xinping

doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1469591

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Along with Hecolin ® , several HEV candidate vaccines are currently being developed and target ORF2 structural capsid protein that coats viral particles 140‐142 . Initial primate studies have shown antibodies raised against ORF2 complete or truncated proteins protected against infections 143 .…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: An update on One Health and clinical medicine

Velavan

Pallerla

Johne

et al. 2021

Liver International

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The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute hepatitis and the de facto global burden is underestimated. HEV‐related clinical complications are often undetected and are not considered in the differential diagnosis. Convincing findings from studies suggest that HEV is clinically relevant not only in developing countries but also in industrialized countries. Eight HEV genotypes (HEV‐1 to HEV‐8) with different human and animal hosts and other HEV‐related viruses are in circulation. Transmission routes vary by genotype and location, with large waterborne outbreaks in developing countries and zoonotic food‐borne infections in developed countries. An acute infection can be aggravated in pregnant women, organ transplant recipients, patients with pre‐existing liver disease and immunosuppressed patients. HEV during pregnancy affects the fetus and newborn with an increased risk of vertical transmission, preterm and stillbirth, neonatal jaundice and miscarriage. Hepatitis E is associated with extrahepatic manifestations that include neurological disorders such as neuralgic amyotrophy, Guillain‐Barré syndrome and encephalitis, renal injury and haematological disorders. The risk of transfusion‐transmitted HEV is increasingly recognized in Western countries where the risk may be because of a zoonosis. RNA testing of blood components is essential to determine the risk of transfusion‐transmitted HEV. There are currently no approved drugs or vaccines for HEV infections. This review focuses on updating the latest developments in zoonoses, screening and diagnostics, drugs in use and under development, and vaccines.

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Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: An update on One Health and clinical medicine

Velavan

Pallerla

Johne

et al. 2021

Liver International

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“…Although a vaccine for HEV has been developed, it is still under debate and only licensed in China. Thus, more clinical data are needed to verify whether this vaccine or any vaccines being developed work effectively against the different genotypes [37,38].…”

Section: Viral Infections Of the Liver: Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Hepatitis and Iron Dysregulation: Molecular Pathways and the Role of Lactoferrin

et al. 2020

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The liver is a frontline immune site specifically designed to check and detect potential pathogens from the bloodstream to maintain a general state of immune hyporesponsiveness. One of the main functions of the liver is the regulation of iron homeostasis. The liver detects changes in systemic iron requirements and can regulate its concentration. Pathological states lead to the dysregulation of iron homeostasis which, in turn, can promote infectious and inflammatory processes. In this context, hepatic viruses deviate hepatocytes’ iron metabolism in order to better replicate. Indeed, some viruses are able to alter the expression of iron-related proteins or exploit host receptors to enter inside host cells. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the innate immunity, is endowed with potent antiviral activity, mainly related to its ability to block viral entry into host cells by interacting with viral and/or cell surface receptors. Moreover, Lf can act as an iron scavenger by both direct iron-chelation or the modulation of the main iron-related proteins. In this review, the complex interplay between viral hepatitis, iron homeostasis, and inflammation as well as the role of Lf are outlined.

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“…While more than fourteen HEV vaccine candidates have been studied [37], only three candidates have progressed to clinical trials ( Figure 1B). Aluminium-based adjuvants were used in the formulation of all three vaccine candidates.…”

Section: Hepatitis E Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic Hepatitis E Vaccines: Antigenic Analysis and Serological Evaluation

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes sporadic outbreaks of acute hepatitis worldwide. HEV was previously considered to be restricted to resource-limited countries with poor sanitary conditions, but increasing evidence implies that HEV is also a public health problem in developed countries and regions. Fortunately, several vaccine candidates based on virus-like particles (VLPs) have progressed into the clinical development stage, and one of them has been approved in China. This review provides an overview of the current HEV vaccine pipeline and future development with the emphasis on defining the critical quality attributes for the well-characterized vaccines. The presence of clinically relevant epitopes on the VLP surface is critical for eliciting functional antibodies against HEV infection, which is the key to the mechanism of action of the prophylactic vaccines against viral infections. Therefore, the epitope-specific immunochemical assays based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for HEV vaccine antigen are critical methods in the toolbox for epitope characterization and for in vitro potency assessment. Moreover, serological evaluation methods after immunization are also discussed as biomarkers for clinical performance. The vaccine efficacy surrogate assays are critical in the preclinical and clinical stages of VLP-based vaccine development.

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Development of new hepatitis E vaccines

Cited by 27 publications

References 203 publications

Hepatitis E: An update on One Health and clinical medicine

Hepatitis E: An update on One Health and clinical medicine

Viral Hepatitis and Iron Dysregulation: Molecular Pathways and the Role of Lactoferrin

Prophylactic Hepatitis E Vaccines: Antigenic Analysis and Serological Evaluation

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