Development of New Collagen/Clay Composite Biomaterials

Abstract

The fabrication of collagen-based biomaterials for skin regeneration offers various challenges for tissue engineers. The purpose of this study was to obtain a novel series of composite biomaterials based on collagen and several types of clays. In order to investigate the influence of clay type on drug release behavior, the obtained collagen-based composite materials were further loaded with gentamicin. Physiochemical and biological analyses were performed to analyze the obtained nanocomposite materials after nanoclay embedding. Infrared spectra confirmed the inclusion of clay in the collagen polymeric matrix without any denaturation of triple helical conformation. All the composite samples revealed a slight change in the 2-theta values pointing toward a homogenous distribution of clay layers inside the collagen matrix with the obtaining of mainly intercalated collagen-clay structures, according X-ray diffraction analyses. The porosity of collagen/clay composite biomaterials varied depending on clay nanoparticles sort. Thermo-mechanical analyses indicated enhanced thermal and mechanical features for collagen composites as compared with neat type II collagen matrix. Biodegradation findings were supported by swelling studies, which indicated a more crosslinked structure due additional H bonding brought on by nanoclays. The biology tests demonstrated the influence of clay type on cellular viability but also on the antimicrobial behavior of composite scaffolds. All nanocomposite samples presented a delayed gentamicin release when compared with the collagen-gentamicin sample. The obtained results highlighted the importance of clay type selection as this affects the performances of the collagen-based composites as promising biomaterials for future applications in the biomedical field.

Low-Swelling Adhesive Hydrogel with Rapid Hemostasis and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Capability for Full-Thickness Oral Mucosal Defect Repair

“…Particularly, the peak of the O–H bending vibrations in GNT slightly shifted to high frequencies (1322 cm –1 ), suggesting the O–H groups of TA interacted with GelMA or GN. Moreover, as the characteristic peaks of nanoclay related to Si–O–Si stretching vibrations (975 cm –1 ) changed to lower frequencies (993 cm –1 for GN and 990 cm –1 for GNT, respectively), it could be inferred that nanoclay interacts with GelMA, TA via the Si–OH groups …”

“…Moreover, as the characteristic peaks of nanoclay related to Si−O−Si stretching vibrations (975 cm −1 ) changed to lower frequencies (993 cm −1 for GN and 990 cm −1 for GNT, respectively), it could be inferred that nanoclay interacts with GelMA, TA via the Si−OH groups. 44 2.2. The GNT Hydrogel Exhibited Reduced Swelling and Slow Degradation.…”

Clay-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Muco-/Bioadhesion to surfaces such as soft tissues enhances the potential of nanocomposite hydrogels as a wound dressing material due to the acquired surface roughness, attributed to the addition of clay minerals as well as the capacity to interlink with the irregularities of the surface. There have been many other clay-based nanocomposite hydrogels studied for wound healing applications [116] such as nanostructured hydrogel membranes based on chitosan biopolymer and MMT nanoparticles, with cytocompatibility, better cell morphology and attachment, and significant antibacterial activity [117]; attapulgitereinforced hydrogel membranes where the increase in clay contents showed antimicrobial activity against six tested pathogen strains and adequate hemolytic behavior compared to clay-free membranes [118]; fibrous nanoclay and spring water hydrogels accelerated wound healing with respect to the control [119] and released therapeutic agents with beneficial activity in wound healing [120]; agar/κ-carrageenan hydrogels reinforced with MMT exhibited antibiotic and analgesic effects presenting good antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus [121]; laponite-reinforced gellan gum methacrylate (GG-MA) for the treatment of burn wounds using wound-dressing material with ofloxacin release [122]; and collagenbased hydrogels reinforced with different types of clays to determine their antimicrobial behavior, cellular viability, and gentamicin delivery profiles for skin regeneration [123]. [114] PVA Na-MMT Clay nanoparticles act as barriers against microbe penetration which enhances the protection against further wound infection and accelerates the wound healing process.…”

Frontiers in Antimicrobial Biomaterials

“…Marin et al, for instance, introduced a new generation of collagen-based biomaterials embedded with nanoclay for skin regeneration, demonstrating an improved antimicrobial potential. They reported that, depending on the nanoclay type used, both the cellular viability and antimicrobial activity (potentiated by gentamicin) could be controlled for a prolonged action over time [ 8 ]. This Special Issue aims at furthering our understanding of the antimicrobial actions of specialized biomaterials and introducing new surface modification strategies, original polymeric chemical structures, and new antimicrobial agent–material combinations, from which infection control or microbial eradication can be achieved.…”