Development of neural specialization for print: Evidence for predictive coding in visual word recognition

Zhao, Jing; Maurer, Urs; He, Sheng; Weng, Xuchu

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000474

Cited by 38 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Consequently, the N1 is a strong candidate in the search for a marker of print specialization and early identification of reading impairments. Moreover, the N1 has recently shown a reponse pattern supporting the predictive coding framework in that the N1 to Chinese characters with low visual-orthographic regularity was stronger in children with poor lexical classification skills, but lower in children with high lexical performance ( Zhao et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The rise and fall of rapid occipito-temporal sensitivity to letters: Transient specialization through elementary school

Fraga-González

Pleisch

Pietro

et al. 2021

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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Letters, foundational units of alphabetic writing systems, are quintessential to human culture. The ability to read, indispensable to perform in today’s society, necessitates a reorganization of visual cortex for fast letter recognition, but the developmental course of this process has not yet been characterized. Here, we show the emergence of visual sensitivity to letters across five electroencephalography measurements from kindergarten and throughout elementary school and relate this development to emerging reading skills. We examined the visual N1, the electrophysiological correlate of ventral occipito-temporal cortex activation in 65 children at varying familial risk for dyslexia. N1 letter sensitivity emerged in first grade, when letter sound knowledge gains were most pronounced and decayed shortly after when letter knowledge is consolidated, showing an inverted U-shaped development. This trajectory can be interpreted within an interactive framework that underscores the influence of top-down predictions. While the N1 amplitudes to letters correlated with letter sound knowledge at the beginning of learning, no association between the early N1 letter response and later reading skills was found. In summary, the current findings provide an important reference point for our neuroscientific understanding of learning trajectories and the process of visual specialization during skill learning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The rise and fall of rapid occipito-temporal sensitivity to letters: Transient specialization through elementary school

Fraga-González

Pleisch

Pietro

et al. 2021

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To our knowledge, different functional components of word recognition have been studied using general contrast of words with pseudofonts and/or consonant strings 13 , but not yet by directly manipulating orthographic regularity and lexical representation(s) separately. Additionally, studies have shown that perceptual tuning of posterior vOT to sublexical and lexical orthographic features develops when reading experience increases 92,93 . Therefore, isolating perceptual and lexical processing experimentally will be interesting to explore to understand how children's brains develop specialized visual-orthographic processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Sources Underlying Visual Word Form Processing as Revealed by Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP)

Wang

Kaneshiro

Strauber

et al. 2021

Preprint

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EEG has been central to investigations of the time course of various neural functions underpinning visual word recognition. Recently the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) paradigm has been increasingly adopted for word recognition studies due to its high signal-to-noise ratio. Such studies, however, have been typically framed around a single source in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT). Here, we combine SSVEP recorded from 16 adult native English speakers with a data-driven spatial filtering approach - Reliable Components Analysis (RCA) - to elucidate distinct functional sources with overlapping yet separable time courses and topographies that emerge when contrasting words with pseudofont visual controls. The first component topography was maximal over left vOT regions with an shorter latency (approximately 180 msec). A second component was maximal over more dorsal parietal regions with a longer latency (approximately 260 msec). Both components consistently emerged across a range of parameter manipulations including changes in the spatial overlap between successive stimuli, and changes in both base and deviation frequency. We then contrasted word-in-nonword and word-in-pseudoword to test the hierarchical processing mechanisms underlying visual word recognition. Results suggest that these hierarchical contrasts fail to evoke a unitary component that might be reasonably associated with lexical access.

show abstract

“…To our knowledge, different functional components of word recognition have been studied using general contrast of words with pseudofonts and/or consonant strings (Lerma-Usabiaga et al, 2018), but not yet by directly manipulating orthographic regularity and lexical representation(s) separately. Additionally, studies have shown that perceptual tuning of posterior vOT to sublexical and lexical orthographic features develops when reading experience increases (Binder et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2019). Therefore, isolating perceptual and lexical processing experimentally will be interesting to explore to understand how children's brains develop specialized visual-orthographic processing.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Sources Underlying Visual Word Form Processing as Revealed by Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP)

Wang

Kaneshiro²,

Strauber³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

EEG has been central to investigations of the time course of various neural functions underpinning visual word recognition. Recently the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) paradigm has been increasingly adopted for word recognition studies due to its high signal-to-noise ratio. Such studies, however, have been typically framed around a single source in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT). Here, we combine SSVEP recorded from 16 adult native English speakers with a data-driven spatial filtering approach - Reliable Components Analysis (RCA) - to elucidate distinct functional sources with overlapping yet separable time courses and topographies that emerge when contrasting words with pseudofont visual controls. The first component topography was maximal over left vOT regions with an early latency (approximately 180 msec). A second component was maximal over more dorsal parietal regions with a longer latency (approximately 260 msec). Both components consistently emerged across a range of parameter manipulations including changes in the spatial overlap between successive stimuli, and changes in both base and deviation frequency. We then contrasted word-in-nonword and word-in-pseudoword to test the hierarchical processing mechanisms underlying visual word recognition. Results suggest that these hierarchical contrasts fail to evoke a unitary component that might be reasonably associated with lexical access.

show abstract

Development of neural specialization for print: Evidence for predictive coding in visual word recognition

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

The rise and fall of rapid occipito-temporal sensitivity to letters: Transient specialization through elementary school

The rise and fall of rapid occipito-temporal sensitivity to letters: Transient specialization through elementary school

Neural Sources Underlying Visual Word Form Processing as Revealed by Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP)

Neural Sources Underlying Visual Word Form Processing as Revealed by Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP)

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