Development of net-shape piezoelectric actuators for large x-ray optics

Sanmartin, Daniel Rodriguez; Zhang, Dou; Button, Tim W.; Meggs, C.; Atkins, Carolyn; Doel, P.; Feldman, Charlotte; Willingale, R.; James, Ady; Willis, Graham; Smith, Andy

doi:10.1117/12.860435

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(15) An initial trial showing that this could be achieved is shown in Figure 8 (right) which depicts a piezoelectric actuator with co-sintered platinum electrodes (80µm×2cm×2cm) fabricated using Viscous Plastic Processing at the University of Birmingham and laser machined at the MSSL facilities. Figure 9 shows an exploded view of the packaging design for the spider MOA, and manufactured packaging and alignment structures, which will provide a mounting method without restricting the lever action of the design.…”

Section: Segmented Electrodes On the Pzt Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel deformable mirror with curvature and tip/tilt control based on the spider actuator concept

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Smart X-Ray Optics (SXO) project comprises a UK-based consortium developing active/adaptive micro-structured optical arrays (MOAs). MOA devices are designed to focus X-rays using grazing incidence reflection through consecutive aligned arrays of microscopic channels. Adaptability is achieved using a combination of piezoelectric actuators, which bend the edges of the silicon chip, and a spider structure, which forms a series of levers connecting the edges of the chip with the active area at the centre, effectively amplifying the bend radius.The spider actuation concept, in combination with deep silicon etching stopped close to the surface, can also be used to create deformable mirrors where the curvature and tip/tilt angles of the mirror can be controlled. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modelling, carried out for the optimization of the spider MOA device, indicates that deformable mirrors with curvature varying from flat to 5cm ROC and control over the tip/tilt angles of the mirror of +/-3mrad could be achieved. Test spider structures, manufactured using a Viscous Plastic Processing Process for the PZT piezoelectric actuators and a single wet etch step using <111> planes in a (110) silicon wafer for both the silicon channels and the spider structure, have been bent to a radius of curvature smaller than 5 cm. This paper evaluates the spider MOA's concept as a means to achieve deformable mirrors with controllable ROC and control over the tip/tilt angles. FEA modelling results are compared with obtained characterization data of prototype structures. Finally, manufacturing and integration methods and design characteristics of the device, such its scalability, are also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Segmented Electrodes On the Pzt Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel deformable mirror with curvature and tip/tilt control based on the spider actuator concept

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Building upon experience fabricating prototype SXO actuators 22 , UoB developed the current-generation piezoelectric actuators 23 . Production begins with a doughy mixture of powdered PZT, resin, solvent, and plasticizer.…”

Section: Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward active x-ray telescopes

O’Dell¹,

Gubarev²,

Kolodziejczak³

et al. 2011

SPIE Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Future x-ray observatories will require high-resolution (< 1″) optics with very-large-aperture (> 25 m 2 ) areas. Even with the next generation of heavy-lift launch vehicles, launch-mass constraints and aperture-area requirements will limit the areal density of the grazing-incidence mirrors to about 1 kg/m 2 or less. Achieving sub-arcsecond x-ray imaging with such lightweight mirrors will require excellent mirror surfaces, precise and stable alignment, and exceptional stiffness or deformation compensation. Attaining and maintaining alignment and figure control will likely involve active (in-space adjustable) x-ray optics. In contrast with infrared and visible astronomy, active optics for x-ray astronomy is in its infancy. In the middle of the past decade, two efforts began to advance technologies for adaptive x-ray telescopes: The Smart X-ray Optics (SXO) Basic Technology project in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Generation-X (Gen-X) concept studies in the United States (US). This paper discusses relevant technological issues and summarizes progress toward active x-ray telescopes.

show abstract

“…The manufacture processes of the mirror are described in Atkins et al 12 Thirty single piezoelectric plates, in a ten by three arrangement, were bonded directly onto the rear surface of the first prototype optic as shown in figure 1. The Functional Materials Group at UoB fabricated the piezoelectric actuators 13 and through the SXO project they investigated and manufactured curved piezoelectric actuators, which were designed to match the radius of curvature of the large-scale prototype, in order to prevent printthrough of the piezoelectric pattern on the optical surface. The surface quality of these actuators is also better than those that are commercially available, further reducing the effect of print-through onto the optical surface.…”

Section: Brief Summary Of the Sxo Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actuators were placed on the optic using a vacuum pen and aligned using copper strips. For full production techniques, please see Rodriguez-Sanmartin et al 13 The two prototype optics named NEMO 1 and NEMO 2, were created for a series of X-ray tests using two methods. NEMO 1 was released from the mandrel prior to the piezoelectric devices being attached, but NEMO 2 had the actuators attached to it before it was released from the mandrel.…”

Section: Brief Summary Of the Sxo Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric actuation of a thin Wolter-1 shell in a rigid mounting scheme

Feldman

Willingale

2012

SPIE Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The SXO project was a UK based consortium of seven institutions investigating active/adaptive X-ray optics for both large and small scale applications. The emphasis during the SXO work was to develop methods for the integration of thin piezoelectric devices on to the back surface of thin shell X-ray optics. Here we continue from the SXO work and turn our attention to the problem of mounting these optics into a nest of Wolter-I shells using rigid mounting systems. We discuss a possible complete mounting scheme and the constraints and limits of rigid mounting schemes. The design and organisation of the piezoelectric devices on the optic and the ability of the actuators to correct for figure errors in the shells within these schemes is also discussed.

show abstract

Development of net-shape piezoelectric actuators for large x-ray optics

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A novel deformable mirror with curvature and tip/tilt control based on the spider actuator concept

A novel deformable mirror with curvature and tip/tilt control based on the spider actuator concept

Toward active x-ray telescopes

Piezoelectric actuation of a thin Wolter-1 shell in a rigid mounting scheme

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About