Development of Nanosystems to Release Atenolol

Abstract

The structure of aluminum monohydroxide resulting from synthesis by ammonium hydroxide with aluminum chloride (or aluminum nitrate, for example) by a sol-gel process, gives a purified and chemically inert material with many applications possibilities because of its great specific surface area. A pseudoboehmite is the choice in this project for adsorption/desorption of atenolol. The molecular interaction with the pseudoboehmite substrate was studied by FTIR (Infrared Spectroscopy), DSC (Scanning electron /TG Thermogravimetry), UV-vis (Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The SEM characterization has been used to quantify the local structural surface for the correlations with the synthesis process; and the Spectroscopies and Thermogravimetric techniques were used for measurements of the adsorption/desorption concentrations of the drug in physiological solution. This procedure gives information to the chemistry and surface of these fine ceramics material that would be applied like excipient in medications to control the drug delivery and plasmatic concentrations in optimal conditions.

Adsorption of Atenolol on Talc: An Indication of Drug Interference with an Excipient

“…The intensity of the band at 1638 cm -1 , originating from C=O valence vibrations (amide band I), decreased significantly and shifted to 1668 cm -1 after inclusion into the cavity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, which restricted its vibration (Nikolic et al 2007). It shifted to 1650 cm -1 after the interaction of AT with pseudoboehmite (Novickis et al 2013). In this study, this band disappeared completely after AT adsorption on talc [ Figure 4(b)].…”

Adsorption of Atenolol on Kaolinite

“…Their characteristic band locations and assignments were listed in Table 2. The IR spectrum of the pure AT displayed characteristic peaks at 3362 cm −1 , 3172 cm −1 , and 1636 cm −1 due to O-H, N-H, and C=O groups, respectively [6,29,30]. Other bands observed were at 1245, 1510, 1184, 805, and 820 cm −1 [6].…”

“…The IR spectrum of the pure AT displayed characteristic peaks at 3362 cm −1 , 3172 cm −1 , and 1636 cm −1 due to O-H, N-H, and C=O groups, respectively [6,29,30]. Other bands observed were at 1245, 1510, 1184, 805, and 820 cm −1 [6]. For pure AT the strong band at 1638 cm −1 , originating from C=O valence vibrations (amide band I), decreased significantly and shifted to 1668 cm −1 , after inclusion into the cavity of 2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin owing to the restriction of this vibration [29].…”

“…For pure AT the strong band at 1638 cm −1 , originating from C=O valence vibrations (amide band I), decreased significantly and shifted to 1668 cm −1 , after inclusion into the cavity of 2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin owing to the restriction of this vibration [29]. After the interaction with pseudoboehmite it Band assignments 3700 -3410 3410 3410 3410 3410 3410 3410 3360 NH banding vibration 1 --------3 1 5 8 NH valence vibrations 2 2972 2972 2972 2972 2972 2972 2972 2972 C-H stretching 1 2923 2923 2923 2923 2923 2923 2923 2923 2923 2902 2902 2902 2902 2902 2902 2902 2902 2901 2359 2359 2359 2359 2359 2359 2359 2359 2359 1654 1654 1654 1654 1654 1654 1654 1654 1633 C=O 1,2 1515 benzene ring skeletal vibration 1 [6]. In this study, similar observation was found, and the band shifted from 1633 to 1654 cm −1 with a significant decrease in its intensity (Figure 7(b)).…”

“…Extended release of AT was also tested using a multifunctional system of [SBA-15/Fe 3 O 4 /P( -iPAAm)] hybrids of interest for bioapplications [5]. Sorption of AT on fine ceramic pseudoboehmite resulted in no loss in its chemical stability [6]. Attapulgites modified by different reagents including hydrochloric acid, silane coupling agent, and chitosan showed extensive uptake of propranolol, another -blocker medicine [7].…”