Development of nanostructured porous TiO2 thick film with uniform spherical particles by a new polymeric gel process for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Bakhshayesh, A.M.; Mohammadi, M.R.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.060

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…On the other hand, polymer chains attach to the aggregates and hinder the further aggregates growth [15]. The height and width of the peaks implied that the particles had highly crystalline structure and ultra-fine primary crystallites.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a typical experiment, TiO 2 gels were prepared according to the method reported in our previous work [15]. At first, a TiO 2 sol was prepared using titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) with a normal purity of 97 % (Merck, Germany) as a titanium precursor and nitric acid 70 % (Merck, Germany) as a catalyst for the peptization.…”

Section: Preparation Of Tio 2 Gelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various attempts were made to rectify this by recreating the processing history of the films using sol-gel techniques, which enjoys excellent compositional control and high homogeneity. In our earlier work [15][16][17], a novel strategy for the deposition of uniform and sponge-like TiO 2 photoanode for DSC application was reported, so-called polymeric gel process. At first, a TiO 2 gel containing uniform spherical particles was prepared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improved short-circuit current density of dye-sensitized solar cells aided by Sr,Nb co-doped TiO2 spherical particles derived from sol–gel route

Bakhshayesh¹,

Bakhshayesh²

2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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This study comes up with a uniform electrode containing Sr,Nb co-doped TiO 2 particles for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. The spherical particles with the average diameter around 2.5 lm are composed of small nanoparticles with the average grain size of 60 nm. X-ray diffraction reveals that the introduction of dopants not only inhibits the growth of rutile phase, but also results in smaller primary crystallites, improving the surface area and dye adsorption ability of the electrodes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows Sr 2? and Nb 5? ions to be well incorporated into the titania crystal lattice without forming specific strontium or zinc compositions. UV-Visible spectra show that the co-doped TiO 2 films have lower band gap energy than the undoped-TiO 2 , extending the absorption of TiO 2 into visible region. Isolated energy levels in the band structure of TiO 2 as well as local lattice distortions due to dopants introduction are the parameters that enhance the short-circuit current density of the cells. The TiO 2 DSC co-doped with 0.075 at% Sr and 3 at% Nb (i.e., S7N3 cell) has the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.97 % as a result of less recombination, which is demonstrated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Preparation Of Tio 2 Gelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improved short-circuit current density of dye-sensitized solar cells aided by Sr,Nb co-doped TiO2 spherical particles derived from sol–gel route

Bakhshayesh¹,

Bakhshayesh²

2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…On the one hand, the primary nanocrystals in the sol are surrounded by additional ionic species, which added by acetic acid, and therefore aggregates are formed. On the other hand, polymer chains attach to the aggregates and hinder the further aggregates growth [15]. The process parameters such as the type and concentration of the coagulants were controlled to form uniform spherical particles.…”

Section: Crystal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our earlier research [15][16][17][18], a novel strategy for the deposition of uniform and porous TiO 2 photoanode was reported, so-called polymeric gel process. The prepared gel is composed of spherical particles with diameter around 2.5 lm, made of small nanoparticles with average grain size of 60 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-layered architecture of electrodes containing uniform TiO2 aggregates layers for improving the light scattering efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells

Bakhshayesh¹,

Azadfar²,

Bakhshayesh³

2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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This study comes up with a new architecture of multi-layered photoanode electrodes containing two thick layers (i.e., 6 lm) of nanocrystalline TiO 2 particles and two thin layers (i.e., 1 lm) of uniform TiO 2 aggregates, which are alternately deposited. The aggregates layers are deposited by a straightforward gel process, developed for the preparation of uniform and sponge-like light scattering layer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) applications. The aggregates layers are composed of uniform spherical particles with average diameter of 2 lm, containing small nanoparticles with the average grain size of 20 nm. The nanocrystalline layers contain 20-nm-diameter TiO 2 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction reveals that the nanocrystalline layers have a pure anatase phase, whereas the aggregates layers show a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy demonstrates that the multi-layered electrode enjoys better light scattering ability than that of mono-layered electrode due to the incorporation of a thin light scattering layer into the nanocrystalline film. The multi-layered DSSC shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.69 % as a result of higher light harvesting and less recombination which is demonstrated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. From IPCE measurement, the external quantum efficiency of the multi-layered cell is equal 88 %, which is higher than that of mono-layered cell (i.e., 78 %).

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Preparation and physicochemical performances of poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropylene]‐based composite polymer electrolytes doped with modified carbon nanotubes

Xiao

Guo

et al. 2013

Polymer International

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Modified carbon nanotubes (m‐CNTs) were successfully prepared by the interactions between nitric and sulfuric acids and CNTs, which was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropylene]‐based composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) membranes doped with various amounts of m‐CNTs were prepared by phase inversion method. The desired CPEs were obtained by soaking the liquid electrolytes for 30 min. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the CPE membranes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry. The results show that the CPE membranes doped with 2.2 wt% m‐CNTs possess the smoothest surface and the highest decomposition temperature about 450 °C. Obviously, adding an appropriate amount of m‐CNTs into the polymer matrix can decrease the crystallinity and enhance the ionic conductivity; the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity follows the Arrhenius relation and the ionic conductivity at room temperature is up to 4.9 mS cm−1. The interfacial resistance can reach a stable value of about 415 Ω cm−2 after 10 days storage. The excellent rate and cycle performances with an electrochemical working window up to 5.4 V ensure that the CPEs doped with 2.2 wt% m‐CNTs can be considered as potential candidates as polymer electrolyte for lithium ion batteries. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

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Development of nanostructured porous TiO2 thick film with uniform spherical particles by a new polymeric gel process for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Improved short-circuit current density of dye-sensitized solar cells aided by Sr,Nb co-doped TiO2 spherical particles derived from sol–gel route

Improved short-circuit current density of dye-sensitized solar cells aided by Sr,Nb co-doped TiO2 spherical particles derived from sol–gel route

Multi-layered architecture of electrodes containing uniform TiO2 aggregates layers for improving the light scattering efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells

Preparation and physicochemical performances of poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropylene]‐based composite polymer electrolytes doped with modified carbon nanotubes

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