“…Stormwater runoff from highways has been found to be toxic to many aquatic species, particularly during critical stages of development (Chen et al, 2016;Gazendam et al, 2011;Mayer et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2014). Common pollutants include sediments, nutrients (TP, TN, TKN), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and various species of metals including Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and others (Van Bohemen and Van De Laak, 2003;Lau et al, 2009;MacKay et al, 2011;Chow et al, 2013;Arora and Reddy, 2014;Gill et al, 2014).…”