Development of Molecular Markers for Low Raffinose and Stachyose in Korean Soybean Cultivars

Abstract

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT A novel allele of the putative soybean raffinose synthase gene, RS2, was discovered in PI200508 that is associated with the low raffinose and stachyose content. Soybean line PI200508 was identified as expressing reduced levels of raffinose and stachyose as well as elevated levels of sucrose. The RS2 mutant gene shows three base pairs InDel with the normal gene. Based on InDel region we developed novel co-dominant and dominant marker. The aim of this study was to develop Korean soybean cultivars, Daewon, Cheongja, and Danmiput, containing low levels of raffinose and stachyose. A specific markers assay for the PI200508 RS2 allele was developed to allow direct selection of the low raffinose and stachyose phenotype. Our findings highlight the efficiency of allele-specific markers in selection, which is evident in the matching genotype and results of the HPLC in the F2 generations of Daewon×PI200508 population.

Improving Seed Quality of Soybean Suitable for Growing in Europe

“…The first set of markers associated with sucrose content in soybean was discovered in the F2 population of an interspecific cross between Glycine max and Glycine soja detecting six QTL on linkage groups (LGs), A, E, F, I, L and M [171]. A novel allele of the putative soybean raffinose synthase gene (RS2) associated with the low raffinose and stachyose and elevated levels of sucrose content was discovered in PI200508 in Korea [183] which was used as a donor parent in crosses with three popular Korean soybean cultivars. The effects of RS2 allele were confirmed in the F2 progenies through the use of allele-specific molecular markers proving that breeding and selection for low raffinose-type soybean can be done efficiently [183].…”

Effect of a mutation in Raffinose Synthase 2 (GmRS2 ) on soybean quality traits

“…We found an association between the mutation in GmRS2 gene and protein and oil contents, but the coefficients of determination were low (4.1% for protein and 2.6% for oil), indicating that the mutation can be used to increase sucrose and reduce raffinose and stachyose contents, without major changes in oil and protein, as suggested by Sato et al (2014). Additionally, no association was found between the mutation and the amount of oligosaccharides (sum of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose contents), indicating that the variation in oligosaccharides content is mainly due to the reduced conversion of sucrose into raffinose (Skoneczka et al 2009, Yang et al 2014. Regarding the composition of oil, no association was found between the mutation and palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, agreeing with Neus et al (2005).…”

“…Oligosaccharide content is one of the factors responsible for soybean quality. Sucrose is the only oligosaccharide useful for monogastric digestion (Yang et al 2014), and its content in the grain is a critical factor to produce soybean derivatives (Sato et al 2014, Wang et al 2014). In addition, sucrose is probably the main factor influencing the flavor of vegetable soybean (Li et al 2012).…”

“…The presence of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soybean, which includes raffinose and stachyose α-galactosides, is considered an antinutritional factor because humans and monogastric animals do not have α-galactosidase, the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzed RFOs (Yang et al 2014, Matei et al 2017. RFO consumption by organisms without α-galactosidase can cause organic dysfunctions such as diarrhea, nausea and flatulence (Liener 1994, Reddy et al 2016, Matei et al 2017.…”

“…Neus et al (2005) reported that seed vigor is not affected in lineages with low RFO content derived from PI200508, and there are no significant differences in seed quality characteristics such as emergence in the field, seed yield, maturity, height and fatty acid contents. These characteristics are important for soybean nutritional quality (Yang et al 2014), making PI200508 a good allele donor for low RFO content.…”