Development of Model on Mothers Self-Efficacy in Preventing Recurrence of Non-Pneumonia Acute Respiratory Infection among Toddlers

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. A cough and cold diseases such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and other upper respiratory diseases are classified as non-pneumonia. ARIs that are not appropriately handled will affect the lung tissue and cause severity and even death. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of self-efficacy (SE) among mother to prevent recurrent (PR) non pneumonia (NP)-ARI on toddlers based on the integration of Precede-Proceed Model and Health Belief Model. Method: This study used crosssectional design. The population were a mother with a toddler in Tanggalrejo Village of Mojoagung Jombang. A hundred toddler's mothers were recruited as samples by cluster sampling. Variables in this study were predisposing-enablingreinforcing factors, main constructs of perceived (MCP), perceived threat, SE and PRNP-ARI. Data were collected using questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion then analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Results: The SE improvement model for the PRNP-ARI was formed from predisposing-enabling-reinforcing factors, MCP, perceived threat, and maternal SE. The greatest effect was on MCP against a perceived threat with T statistic value = 11.07. Conclusion and recommendation: Increasing SE of toddler's mother can be done by educating mother about ARI concept, conventional ARI treatment, environmental modification, benefits of mask use, clean and healthy life behavior, proper hand washing, nutrition feeding, exclusive breastfeeding, stress management; create peer support group for toddlers mother; and optimizing the role of health officers and family support.

Exclusive Breastfeeding Associated with the Reduction of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Toddlers with High-Risk Factors

“…Preventive efforts include immunization which comprises diphtheria pertussis tetanus (DPT), measles, Hepatitis, and tuberculosis (Kemenkes RI, 2012). Based on the results of previous studies, prevention of ARI can be accomplished by improving maternal self-efficacy including educating mothers about the concept of ARI, ARI conventional treatment, environmental modification, the benefits of using masks, clean and healthy behavior, proper hand washing, nutrition, the provision of exclusive breast milk, stress management, making peer support groups for mothers of toddlers, and optimizing the role of health workers and family support (Zatihulwani, Sukartini, & Krisnana, 2017). The air pollution observed in the study was due to the presence of family members smoking, the use of fuelwood stoves, burning garbage, the use of mosquito repellent, houses closed to animal pens and the type of floor of the house.…”