Development of Mg based biomaterial with improved mechanical and degradation properties using powder metallurgy

Kumar

Journal of Composite Materials

2020

Present work aims at developing Magnesium based metal matrix composite (MMC) through in-situ reaction. In-situ generation of micro and nano particles in the Mg-melt is supposed to have a better bonding with the matrix. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is added to initial Magnesium melt (with an aim to generate CeO2 and MgO through in-situ reaction) at temperatures of 670 °C and 870 °C. The developed MMCs are solution treated to get rid of intermetallic. The nature of particles is explored with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The morphology and sizes of particles are keenly jotted using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical responses of developed MMCs are recorded through Hardness, Compression and scratch tests. The compression fractured surfaces are analyzed with SEM and scratched samples are analyzed on 3 D optical profilometer to explore deformation behavior. The observations indicate the in-situ formation of CeO2, MgO and CeMg12 intermetallic phases in different types and sizes. Further, these particles are responsible for improved mechanical properties. The findings are supported by the contribution of different strengthening mechanisms.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of magnesium-based hybrid metal matrix composite through in situ micro, nano reinforcements

Kumar

Journal of Composite Materials

2020

“…Increasing compaction pressure contributed to a significant densification and hence an improvement in corrosion resistance as observed for Mg-Zr-Sr-Dy alloys [49]. Increasing compaction pressure up to 500 MPa was found to optimize the corrosion rate of Mg3Zn1Ca15Nb alloy to 1.209 mm/year [41]. Similarly, Tahmasebifar et al observed in their work that corrosion of Mg alloy discs decreased as the compaction pressure increased, from 100 to 250 MPa [50].…”

Section: Analysis Of Corrosion Behaviormentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The present results also reveal the significant effect of sintering temperature (p < 0.0500) on the properties of the composites. The highest elastic modulus and hardness were obtained after sintering at 500 • C, an increase of 26% and 24%, respectively, to that obtained at 300 [41]. This was attributed to the change in the sintering process due to the tight packaging of irregular particles with one another and the removal of obstacles from the sintering route by destroying oxide films from the surface of the particles.…”

Section: Analysis Of Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Magnesium (Mg) alloys are the most studied biodegradable (absorbable) metals for their usage as materials in temporary medical implants like coronary stents and bone fracture fixation screws [1]. Magnesium is an essential element needed for bone function, and its alloys are characterized by its low elastic modulus (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), which is the closest to that of human bone compared to other metallic biomaterials. In a recent development, bone screws and pins made of Mg-Zn-Ca Zn and Mg-RE (RE: rare earths, mainly Gd or Y) alloys have been approving for clinical use in Korea and Germany [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Processing of Absorbable Carbon Nanofiber Reinforced Mg–Zn Composites Based on Two-Level Factorial Design

Tuminoh

Hermawan

Ramlee

2021

Metals

To prevent a premature failure, absorbable magnesium implants must possess an adequate mechanical stability. Among many ways to improve the mechanical properties of magnesium is by particle reinforcement, such as using carbon nanofiber (CNF). This work reports an experimental design for optimum materials and processing of CNF-reinforced Mg–Zn composites based on a two-level factorial design. Four factors were analyzed: percentage of CNF, compaction pressure, sintering temperature, and sintering time, for three recorded responses: elastic modulus, hardness, and weight loss. Based on the two-level factorial design, mechanical properties and degradation resistance of the composites reach its optimum at a composition of 2 wt % CNF, 400 MPa of compaction pressure, and 500 °C of sintering temperature. The analysis of variance reveals a significant effect of all variables (p < 0.0500) except for the sintering time (p > 0.0500). The elastic modulus and hardness reach their highest values at 4685 MPa and 60 Hv, respectively. The minimum and maximum weight loss after three days of immersion in PBS are recorded at 54% and 100%, respectively. This work concludes the percentage of CNF, compaction pressure, and sintering temperature as the main factors affecting the optimum elastic modulus, hardness, and degradation resistance of CNF-reinforced Mg–Zn composites.

“…The density of the alloy was calculated from the chemical composition and corresponds to 1.9534 Kg / m³. Kumar et al reported that the limitations of Mg smelting are characterized by a precarious distribution of elements causing segregation and porosity (66). Avoiding the contact of the elements to be melted with other surfaces is of vital importance to avoid contamination with traces and impurities (48).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-fabrication and experimental validation of an Mg – 25Ca – 5Zn alloy proposed for a porous metallic scaffold.

Becerra

Rodríguez

León

et al. 2021

Preprint

Background The bio-fabrication of a porous scaffold from a selection procedure of elements taking into account the biological behavior, using Magnesium (Mg) alloyed with Calcium (Ca) and Zinc (Zn), it could work as a treatment for specific pathologies in trauma and oncology, on the one hand, in osteosynthesis, contributing to osseointegration and contributing to infection control through the release of drugs, additionally, another possible attribute of this alloy would be to be used as a complementary treatment for osteosarcoma, this is due to the basification produced by oxidative degradation. (Attack on cancer cells)(1)(2)(3)(4).Methods The evaluation of cell viability of an alloy of Mg − 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn will strengthen current perspectives on the use of Mg in the clinical evaluation of various treatments in trauma and oncology. Considerations on the preparation of an alloy of Mg − 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn and its morphological characterization, will help to understand the applicability for the development of new surgical techniques and lead to a deeper investigation in the conception of alternative treatments. However, it is very important to bear in mind the mechanical effect of elements such as Ca and Zn, on the degradation of the alloy matrix, the best alternative to predict the biological - mechanical potential starts with the selection of the essential - nutritional elements (5)(6)(7) and its mechanical evaluation by micro-indentation due to the fragility of the matrix (8)(9).Results Therefore, the morphological evaluation of the specimens of Mg − 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn will show the crystallinity of the alloy; these results together generate a contribution regarding the design of biomedical alloys for use in treatments for various medical specialties.Conclusions The results indicated that cell viability is not affected, and there are no morphological changes in the cells.