Development of mathematical transfer functions correlating Solid Oxide Fuel Cell degradation to operating conditions for Accelerated Stress Test protocols design

Multiscale modelling potentialities for solid oxide fuel cell performance and degradation analysis

“…Knowing Ni radius time evolution, the consequences on cell behaviour can be evaluated by applying the microscale kinetics formulation presented in Table 1, which expresses the exchange current density J 0 , the material conductivity s and gas diffusion coefficients D eff as functions of the particle size. As observed in reference studies, 23,35,40,56,57 the radius increase causes the reduction of the particle surface area, which means a lower contact section between both metal-ceramic particles (i.e., lower catalytic activity and TPB density) and metal-metal, ceramic-ceramic particles (i.e., lower electron and ion conductivity, respectively). Moreover, larger particles inuence material porosity also by increasing the pore dimension.…”

“…38 However, multiscale simulation codes that are able to merge all aspects, from the single mechanisms to global cell degradation, and involving simultaneously empirical correlations as well as microstructure-dependent kinetic formulations to be applied depending on the available experimental observations, are still rare in the literature. 39–41…”

“…38 However, multiscale simulation codes that are able to merge all aspects, from the single mechanisms to global cell degradation, and involving simultaneously empirical correlations as well as microstructuredependent kinetic formulations to be applied depending on the available experimental observations, are still rare in the literature. [39][40][41] In such a scenario, the authors propose SIMFC (SIMulation of Fuel Cells) as an effective multiscale simulation code which combines the different levels of analysis in a single tool for predicting cell performance and durability. SIMFC is an inhome Fortran code for high-temperature cell operation including MCFCs (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells) and SOFCs.…”

Accelerated Stress Tests for Solid Oxide Cells via Artificial Aging of the Fuel Electrode

“…In addition, the validation of stack components over several years before their integration in a real system is not compatible with the times requested by fuel cell manufacturers for the market deployment of their product. There are only few experiments exceeding 40,000 h [34], with the longest one reaching 100,000 h, i.e., more than 10 years [35]. However, at the end of testing, the stack no longer corresponded to the SoA technology and the conclusions, although correct, could not answer the present day technological challenges.…”