Development of Magnetocaloric Microstructures from Equiatomic Iron–Rhodium Nanoparticles through Laser Sintering

Abstract

Pronounced magnetocaloric effects are typically observed in materials that often contain expensive and rare elements and are therefore costly to mass produce. However, they can rather be exploited on a small scale for miniaturized devices such as magnetic micro coolers, thermal sensors, and magnetic micropumps. Herein, a method is developed to generate magnetocaloric microstructures from an equiatomic iron–rhodium (FeRh) bulk target through a stepwise process. First, paramagnetic near‐to‐equiatomic solid‐solution FeRh nanoparticles (NPs) are generated through picosecond (ps)‐pulsed laser ablation in ethanol, which are then transformed into a printable ink and patterned using a continuous wave laser. Laser patterning not only leads to sintering of the NP ink but also triggers the phase transformation of the initial γ‐ to B2‐FeRh. At a laser fluence of 246 J cm−2, a partial (52%) phase transformation from γ‐ to B2‐FeRh is obtained, resulting in a magnetization increase of 35 Am2 kg−1 across the antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition. This represents a ca. sixfold enhancement compared to previous furnace‐annealed FeRh ink. Finally, herein, the ability is demonstrated to create FeRh 2D structures with different geometries using laser sintering of magnetocaloric inks, which offers advantages such as micrometric spatial resolution, in situ annealing, and structure design flexibility.

Laser irradiation effects in FeRh thin film

“…Nadarajah and colleagues successfully utilized laser ablation to create near-to-equiatomic γ-FeRh solid-solution nanoparticles [15]. Additionally, Shabbir and coworkers [39] have recently demonstrated that laser sintering can be employed to achieve FeRh nanoparticles with multicaloric properties. We believe that our findings can contribute to the advancement of laser-assisted manipulation of FeRh, paving the way for the development of modern devices.…”