Development of magnetic, ferrite supported palladium catalysts for 2,4-dinitrotoluene hydrogenation

Research Progress and Prospects of Spinel Ferrite Nanostructures for the Removal of Nitroaromatics from Wastewater

“…25 They reported that the catalytic activity of phase pure were tested for DNT hydrogenation, which showed that Cu ferrite was the least active because of the inhibitory effect of CuO (present as impurity), while Co ferrite was more active. 7 Two main reaction pathways were proposed for the hydrogenation of DNT via the formation of two semihydrogenated intermediates, 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2A4NT) and 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4A2NT), as shown in Figure 16b. Nitroso-nitrotoluene was formed at first and then converted to hydroxylamino-nitrotoluene, followed by the formation of either 2A4NT or 4A2NT depending upon the hydrogenation of successive nitro groups.…”

“…The generation of N-2,5-xylylhydroxylamine and its reaction with 4-nitrotoluene were suggested for the formation of side product 3. 7 The positive effects of spinel ferrite NS as adsorbent, oxidant, and catalyst cannot be overlooked, but high production cost, toxicity to public health, and toxicity to the environment are main concerns. Spinel ferrite NS may be new secondary pollutants.…”

“…In addition, environmental exposure to nitroaromatics can lead to an aquatic system being out of balance and a potential risk to the terrestrial environment . Nitroaromatics are widely utilized in the largest groups of industrial chemicals including high-energy explosives, herbicides, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, papers, plastics, and paints. , Extensive uses of fertilizer and organophosphorus pesticides in the agricultural sector also introduce nitroaromatics such as nitrophenols (NP) in water bodies, groundwater, and soil. , Nitroaromatics and their breakdown products once released can cause numerous issues to aqueous biota, wastewater treatment plants, and human health since they are stable against natural microbial degradation. , Nevertheless, their carcinogenic and mutagenic natures even at very low concentrations calls for the efficient removal or their transformation to nontoxic value-added products from industrial effluents to diminish their negative environmental and health impacts. , …”

Pd(II)‐Functionalized Polymeric Shell Encapsulated on Magnetite Nanocatalysts for C−C Coupling Reactions

“…For example, Hajdu et al. have developed the magnetic ferrite hosted palladium catalyst for the 2,4‐dinitrotoluene hydrogenation reaction [21] . Sun et al.…”

“…For example, Hajdu et al have developed the magnetic ferrite hosted palladium catalyst for the 2,4-dinitrotoluene hydrogenation reaction. [21] Sun et al developed the Au supported POT/Fe 3 O 4 nanocatalysts exhibiting recyclability with high performance. [22] &CoFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -PA-CC-Guanidine-SA magnetic nanocatalyst has been formed and used for the preparation of derivatives of thiazole-2-imine with the excellent yields.…”