Development of JP-8 Surrogates and their Validation using Ignition Quality Tester

Shrestha, Amit; Zheng, Zhimin; Badawy, Tamer; Henein, Naeim A.; Schihl, Peter

doi:10.4271/2014-01-9077

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Table II shows the surrogate compositions used in the current work for various jet fuels listed in Table I. There are various approaches to formulate the surrogate mixture composition [27,28,29,30]. In the current work, the method proposed by Dooley et al [28] is adapted for the surrogate mixture formulation in which the DCN, H/C ratio and TSI of the actual fuel (listed in Table I) are matched with the model fuel mixture listed.…”

Section: Chemical Kinetics Modelingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ignition Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuels under Vitiated Conditions

Gokulakrishnan¹,

Fuller²,

Klassen³

et al. 2014

50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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Atmospheric pressure flow reactor experiments were performed to investigate the ignition characteristics of Fischer-Tropsch and hydrotreated renewable JP-8 fuels under vitiated conditions in order to compare these properties to conventional JP-8. Ignition experiments were conducted with reactor temperatures between 832 K and 917 K with standard air as well as vitiated air with 17% O 2 and NO x levels varied between 0 and 755 ppmv. Experiments were also performed with jet fuel surrogate components such as n-dodecane and iso-octane to investigate the ignition behavior of normal-and iso-paraffins, respectively. Experimental measurements show that the presence of NO x in the oxidizer stream reduces the ignition delay time of jet fuels and surrogates significantly. Furthermore, the effect of NO x on iso-octane ignition delay time is more pronounced than for n-dodecane. Surrogate kinetic modeling results are also compared with the experimental data regarding the effect of NO x . Overall, the modeling results agree with trends observed for the effect of NO x on ignition delay time. However, the ignition delay time predictions for Sasol-IPK are much longer than the experimental data. This is due to the fact that the representation of isoparaffinic components in Sasol-IPK is not correctly represented by iso-octane alone.

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Section: Chemical Kinetics Modelingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ignition Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuels under Vitiated Conditions

Gokulakrishnan¹,

Fuller²,

Klassen³

et al. 2014

50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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“…IQT, FIT, CVCC, and engine experiments 56,65,66,81–84 complement the shock tube and RCM experiments as the effects of kerosene’s physical properties on autoignition are taken into consideration. It should be noted that the IQT and FIT experiments were done in accordance with ASTM D6890 and ASTM D7170 standards, respectively.…”

Section: Fundamental Autoignition Studies Of Kerosenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 shows a compilation of the latest as well as significant kerosene surrogates from the literature, the number of species and reactions in their respective reaction mechanisms, as well as the target properties that each surrogate was made to emulate. 45,51,56,68–70,82,85,154–156,158,161,163–186…”

Section: Development Of Kerosene Surrogates Their Chemical Reaction Mechanisms and The Modeling Of Kerosene Combustion In Dici Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From fundamental study to practical application of kerosene in compression ignition engines: An experimental and modeling review

Tay

Zhao

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The use of kerosene in direct injection compression ignition engines is fundamentally due to the introduction of the Single Fuel Concept. As conventional direct injection compression ignition diesel engines are made specifically to use diesel fuel, the usage of kerosene will affect engine emissions and performance due to differences between the fuel properties of kerosene and diesel. As a result, in order for kerosene to be properly and efficiently used in diesel engines, it is needful for the scientific community to know the properties of kerosene, its autoignition and combustion characteristics, as well as its emissions formation behavior under diesel engine operating conditions. Moreover, it is desirable to know the progress made in the development of suitable kerosene surrogates for engine applications as it is a crucial step toward the development of reliable chemical reaction mechanisms for numerical simulations. Therefore, in this work, a comprehensive review is carried out systematically to better understand the characteristics and behavior of kerosene under direct injection compression ignition engine relevant conditions. In this review work, the fuel properties of kerosene are summarized and discussed. In addition, fundamental autoignition studies of kerosene in shock tube, rapid compression machine, fuel ignition tester, ignition quality tester, constant volume combustion chamber, and engine are compiled and evaluated. Furthermore, experimental studies of kerosene spray and combustion in constant volume combustion chambers are examined. Also, the experimental investigations of kerosene combustion and emissions in direct injection compression ignition engines are discussed. Moreover, the development of kerosene surrogates, their chemical reaction mechanisms, and the modeling of kerosene combustion in direct injection compression ignition engines are summarized and talked about. Finally, recommendations are also given to help researchers focus on the areas which are still severely lacking.

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“…In previous publications of surrogate development, the DCN of a surrogate fuel was calculated based on a linearity assumption between the volume fraction and the DCN of its components [20,42]. However, calculated DCNs are not always consistent with measured DCNs [42].…”

Section: Derived Cetane Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, other properties such as density, H/C, MW of the surrogate fuels were optimized to match the target JP-8 by using a MATLAB code. The detailed description was provided in a previous publication [42].…”

Section: Derived Cetane Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Volatility in the Development of JP-8 Surrogates for Diesel Engine Application

Zheng¹,

Lee²,

Shrestha³

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Surrogates for JP-8 have been developed in the high temperature gas phase environment of gas turbines. In diesel engines, the fuel is introduced in the liquid phase where volatility plays a major role in the formation of the combustible mixture and autoignition reactions that occur at relatively lower temperatures. In this paper, the role of volatility on the combustion of JP-8 and five different surrogate fuels was investigated in the constant volume combustion chamber of the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). IQT is used to determine the derived cetane number (DCN) according to ASTM D6890. The surrogate fuels were formulated such that their DCNs matched that of JP-8, but with different volatilities. Tests were conducted to investigate the effect of volatility on the autoignition and combustion characteristics of the surrogates using a detailed analysis of the rate of heat release immediately after the start of injection. In addition, the effect of volatility on the spray dynamics was investigated by Schlieren imaging in an optical accessible rapid compression machine (RCM), and the imaging data supported the conclusion made in the IQT tests. Furthermore, apparent activation energies of JP-8 and surrogate fuels were determined based on the chemical delay periods, which could be considered as a new parameter for developing surrogate fuel.

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Development of JP-8 Surrogates and their Validation using Ignition Quality Tester

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Ignition Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuels under Vitiated Conditions

Ignition Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuels under Vitiated Conditions

From fundamental study to practical application of kerosene in compression ignition engines: An experimental and modeling review

Role of Volatility in the Development of JP-8 Surrogates for Diesel Engine Application

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