Development of Janus Particles as Potential Drug Delivery Systems for Diabetes Treatment and Antimicrobial Applications

Abstract

Janus particles have emerged as a novel and smart material that could improve pharmaceutical formulation, drug delivery, and theranostics. Janus particles have two distinct compartments that differ in functionality, physicochemical properties, and morphological characteristics, among other conventional particles. Recently, Janus particles have attracted considerable attention as effective particulate drug delivery systems as they can accommodate two opposing pharmaceutical agents that can be engineered at the molecular level to achieve better target affinity, lower drug dosage to achieve a therapeutic effect, and controlled drug release with improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This article discusses the development of Janus particles for tailored and improved delivery of pharmaceutical agents for diabetes treatment and antimicrobial applications. It provides an account of advances in the synthesis of Janus particles from various materials using different approaches. It appraises Janus particles as a promising particulate system with the potential to improve conventional delivery systems, providing a better loading capacity and targeting specificity whilst promoting multi-drugs loading and single-dose-drug administration.

Particle Network Self‐Assembly of Similar Size Sub‐Micron Calcium Alginate and Polystyrene Particles Atop Glass

“…By altering the interaction energy between particles, stable hybrid networks can be formed to offer precise control over the properties of biological materials for various applications such as drug delivery, [ 10–13 ] tissue engineering, [ 14,15 ] and biosensing. [ 20 ] Here, we tune colloidal surface forces in the dispersions of one and two particulate species by altering the dispersion ionic strength and studying the spatial organization of colloidal particles on a glass substrate to deposit self‐assembled particulates.…”

“…[9] In recent years, particle-mediated self-assembly has attracted significant attention in designing programmable biodegradable materials with tailored properties. Specifically, this technique has been extensively studied in developing drug delivery systems with precisely controlled release rates and targeting capabilities, [10][11][12][13] as well as scaffold materials for tissue engineering with desired mechanical properties. [14,15] Hence, the development of bioinspired hybrid particulate networks through particle-mediated self-assembly has provided a promising approach for enhancing the mechanical and biodegradation properties of both biological and synthetic materials.…”

“…[14,15] Hence, the development of bioinspired hybrid particulate networks through particle-mediated self-assembly has provided a promising approach for enhancing the mechanical and biodegradation properties of both biological and synthetic materials. [16][17][18][19] By altering the interaction energy between particles, stable hybrid networks can be formed to offer precise control over the properties of biological materials for various applications such as drug delivery, [10][11][12][13] tissue engineering, [14,15] and biosensing. [20] Here, we tune colloidal surface forces in the dispersions of one and two particulate species by altering the dispersion ionic strength and studying the spatial organization of colloidal particles on a glass substrate to deposit self-assembled particulates.…”

Effect of Solvent Polarity on Fabrication of Dual Janus Particles with Asymmetric Morphology and Chemical Identity via Photo-initiated Seeded Swelling Polymerization

“…The rational design of Janus particles with tunable morphology, size, and composition is still the core problem of current research. Moreover, dual-asymmetry Janus particles with concave and convex structures are valued in many special fields because of their special composition. − Our group successfully prepared dual asymmetric Janus silica particles by the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide- and octadecylamine-assisted Pickering emulsion strategy, which promoted the monolayer alignment of micron-sized silica particles at the toluene–water interface . Roghani-Mamaqani et al fabricated dumbbell- and cauliflower-shaped Janus particles by different feeding ways, which were utilized for loading and release of drugs such as ibuprofen.…”

Electrostatic-Driven Self-Assembly of Janus-like Monolayer-Protected Metal Nanoclusters

“…14 Self-assembly of magnetic Janus beads was investigated by Hatton et al, who showed the reversible self-assembled constitution of these beads by changing the pH. 15 Drug delivery, 16 biological inquiry, 17 and virtual device manipulation 18 are a few of the uses of these controlled self-assembled structures.…”