Development of immunoassays for anti-electronegative LDL autoantibodies and immune complexes

Faulin, Tanize do Espirito Santo; Sena-Evangelista, Karine Cavalcanti Maurício; Pacheco, Débora Bezerra; Augusto, Elaine Moura; Abdalla, Dulcinéia Saes Parra

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.10.004

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is supported by the detection of antiLDL(−)-autoantibodies and immunocomplexes [39]. Although some anti-inflammatory actions on cells have been ascribed to LDL(−), the abundant atherogenic properties would lead to a global inflammatory effect rather than to an atheroprotective effect, as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Physiological Effects Of Ldl(−)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It has been described that LDL(−) can trigger an adaptative immune response, leading to the production of anti-LDL(−)-autoantibodies and immunocomplexes, which can be quantified by ELISA [39]. The presence of these autoantibodies is increased in DM [40] and in acute coronary syndromes [41].…”

Section: An Atherogenic Ldlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grosso et al reported that anti-LDL(−)-autoantibodies administered intravenously in mice can play a protective role in atherosclerosis [42]. Taken together, it seems that anti-LDL(−)-autoantibodies could be useful biomarkers in patients with high risk for coronary events [39, 41]. …”

Section: An Atherogenic Ldlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronegative LDL: A Circulating Modified LDL with a Role in Inflammation

Estruch

Sánchez-Quesada

Llanos

et al. 2013

Mediators of Inflammation

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Electronegative low density lipoprotein (LDL(−)) is a minor modified fraction of LDL found in blood. It comprises a heterogeneous population of LDL particles modified by various mechanisms sharing as a common feature increased electronegativity. Modification by oxidation is one of these mechanisms. LDL(−) has inflammatory properties similar to those of oxidized LDL (oxLDL), such as inflammatory cytokine release in leukocytes and endothelial cells. However, in contrast with oxLDL, LDL(−) also has some anti-inflammatory effects on cultured cells. The inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties ascribed to LDL(−) suggest that it could have a dual biological effect.

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Section: Physiological Effects Of Ldl(−)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: An Atherogenic Ldlmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electronegative LDL: A Circulating Modified LDL with a Role in Inflammation

Estruch

Sánchez-Quesada

Llanos

et al. 2013

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…After subsequent ultracentrifugation under the same conditions, the supernatant containing LDL was collected and dialyzed extensively against 20 mM Tris‐buffer. The LDL subfractions (electronegative and native LDL) were separated using a FPLC (fast protein liquid chromatography) with an ion exchange column (Sepharose UNO Q12, Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) loaded with a buffer comprising 20 mM Tris (pH 7.4), as previously published . The column was eluted using a multistep sodium chloride gradient and the isolated LDL(−) and native LDL were dialyzed against PBS and stored at −20°C until use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GFP‐SCFV: Expression and possible applications as a tool for experimental investigations of atherosclerosis

Faulin

Guilherme

Silva

et al. 2014

Biotechnology Progress

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Experimental studies on atherosclerosis are crucial for investigating its pathophysiology, defining new therapeutic targets, and developing new drugs and diagnostic tools. Thus, many imaging markers have been developed and introduced in experimental studies. The main advantage of these new tools is that they allow the noninvasive diagnosis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Here, we describe the cloning, expression, purification, and stabilization of a chimeric protein specifically designed to probe cells and tissues for the presence of LDL(−), a relevant marker of atherosclerosis. The DNA sequence that encodes the anti‐LDL(−) scFv, previously obtained from a hybridoma secreting an anti‐LDL(−) monoclonal antibody, was inserted into the bacterial vector pET‐28a(+) in tandem with a DNA sequence encoding GFP. The recombinant protein was expressed in high yields in E. coli as inclusion bodies. The applicability of GFP‐scFv was assessed by ELISA, which determined its affinity for LDL(−) and confocal microscopy, that showed macrophage uptake of the protein along with LDL(−). In conclusion, our data suggest that the anti‐LDL(−) GFP‐scFv chimeric protein could be useful in studies on atherogenesis as well as for developing diagnostic tools for atherosclerosis. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:1206–1213, 2014

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“…Some studies indicate an association between high levels of antibodies anti-LDL(-) or anti--LDLox, and CVD (30,31), whereas other found an opposite relationship (32,33). Part of the controversy has been explained by the formation of immunocomplexes and/or other factors that interfere in the laboratory measurement of the antibodies (34).…”

Section: Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Markers Associated To Lipid Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessing lipid metabolism and its potentialities in the prediction of cardiovascular risk

Silva

Almeida-Pititto

Ferreira

2015

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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There are numerous particles, enzymes, and mechanisms in the lipid metabolism that are involved in the genesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given its prevalence in populations and its impact on mortality, it is relevant to review the lipid metabolism as it may potentially provide subsidies to better prediction. This article reviews the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comments on the potential of novel lipid biomarkers involved in the physiopathology of CVD. The Framingham cohorts proved the role of traditional risk factors (physical inactivity, smoking, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, plasma glucose) in the prediction of cardiovascular events. However, a significant number of individuals that suffer from a cardiovascular event has few or none of these factors. Such finding indicates the need for new biomarkers able to identify plaques that are more susceptible to rupture. Some of bloodstream biomarkers related to lipid metabolism are modified LDL particles, apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), subtypes of LDL and HDL particles, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ). These factors participate in the atherosclerotic process, and are abnormal in individuals at high risk, or in those who suffered from a cardiovascular event. Lp (a) determination is already employed in clinical practice and should be included as a reference parameter for CVD monitoring. Furthermore, there are expectations for wider use of apo B, non-HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol / HDL-C determination to improve cardiovascular risk assessment. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(2):171-80

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Development of immunoassays for anti-electronegative LDL autoantibodies and immune complexes

Abstract: These ELISAs can be used in clinical studies and for the biochemical investigation of atherosclerosis. In addition, they will enable the comprehensive evaluation of the importance of bound or free autoantibodies against LDL(-) in this disease.

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Electronegative LDL: A Circulating Modified LDL with a Role in Inflammation

Electronegative LDL: A Circulating Modified LDL with a Role in Inflammation

GFP‐SCFV: Expression and possible applications as a tool for experimental investigations of atherosclerosis

Reassessing lipid metabolism and its potentialities in the prediction of cardiovascular risk

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