Development of Hydrogen-Rich Benzoxazine Resins with Low Polymerization Temperature for Space Radiation Shielding

Abstract

A systematic study has been carried out to develop a material with significant protection properties from galactic cosmic radiation and solar energetic particles. The research focused on the development of hydrogen-rich benzoxazines, which are particularly effective for shielding against such radiation. Newly developed benzoxazine resin can be polymerized at 120 °C, which meets the low-temperature processing requirements for use with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber, a hydrogen-rich composite reinforcement. This highly reactive benzoxazine resin also exhibits low viscosity and good shelf-life. The structure of the benzoxazine monomer is confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polymerization behavior and thermal properties are evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Dynamic mechanical analysis is used to study chemorheological properties of the benzoxazine monomer, rheological properties of the cross-linked polybenzoxazine, and rheological properties of UHMWPE-reinforced polybenzoxazine composites. The theoretical radiation shielding capability of the composite is also evaluated using computer-based simulations.

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

“…A systematic enhancement of the number of oxazine functionality in symmetric fashion in the monomer from 1 to 4 (Figure 6a) led to a decrease in T p from 265 to 190 • C as a result of close proximity of benzoxazine units [87]. The values of T g (58-109 • C), thermal stability (T 5% 355-391 • C), char yield (13-37%), limiting oxygen index (LOI) (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31) and storage modulus (3.6-66.5 MPa) improved significantly due to the growth of polymer network from one-to four-directions. [87,[143][144][145][146][147].…”

“…In general, PBzs emerged as a promising class of thermoset polymers exhibiting versatility in a wide range of applications including adhesives [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], flame resistant polymers [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], cathodic material in batteries [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], coatings [ 14 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], materials for aerospace applications [ 29 ], carbon dioxide adsorbent [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], detection of metal ions [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], 3D printing [ 39 ] and electronics [ 40 , 41 ]. Besides effective compatibilization with many polymers, they also offer notable properties such as good mechanical strength [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], high thermal stability [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], flame retardance […”

The Properties and Preparation Methods of Different Boron Nitride Nanostructures and Applications of Related Nanocomposites

“…Space radiation can damage the structure of materials, degrade their performance, and increase the noise of electronic equipment, as well as threat the health and safety of astronauts. [209][210][211] It can also cause a variety of diseases, such as cancer. [212] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop aviation materials with radiation shielding properties and high mechanical strength.…”

“…Space radiation can damage the structure of materials, degrade their performance, and increase the noise of electronic equipment, as well as threat the health and safety of astronauts [209–211] . It can also cause a variety of diseases, such as cancer [212] .…”

Structure and Performance of Benzoxazine Composites for Space Radiation Shielding

“…The molecular structure of the 3BOP-daC12 monomer is shown in Figure 1 . Detailed information regarding the development and characterization of the benzoxazine monomer is reported elsewhere [ 18 ].…”