Development of hydrazinium nitroformate based solid propellants

Schoeyer, H.; Schnorhk, A.-J.; Korting, van Lit P; Mul, J. M.; Gadiot, G. M. H. J. L.; Meulenbrugge, J.J.

doi:10.2514/6.1995-2864

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…HNF is a high-performance chlorine-free oxidizer, which regained interest recently. 5 Like AP, HNF has very temperature-dependent thermophysical properties. The model accounts for condensed-phasereactions,melting of the HNF, and nonconstantthermophysicalproperties.The effect of the introductionof these aspects on the pressure-coupledresponse functionis shown.…”

Section: Model For Nonlinear Transient Burning Of Hydrazinium Nitrofomentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for Nonlinear Transient Burning of Hydrazinium Nitroformate

Louwers¹,

Gadiot²

1999

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Transient burning of solid propellants is a topic that still contains a large number of questions. The transient burning of neat hydrazinium nitroformate is calculated within the quasi-steady gas-phase, homogeneous onedimensional condensed phase approach. We focus on the effect of the condensed phase on the transient burning of solid propellants by showing the effect of temperature-dependent thermal properties, phase transitions, and chemical reactions in the solid phase. By solving the governing equations numerically, the nonlinear effects are conserved. Nomenclature A = preexponentionalfactor, s ¡1 , m/s c = speci c heat, J/kg¢K E = activation energy, J/mol k = thermal conductivity, W/m¢K n = integer 0, 1, 2, : : : p = pressure, Pa Q = heat release, J/kg R = universal gas constant, J/mol¢K R P = pressure-driven response function r b = propellant regression rate, m/s T = temperature, K t = time, s x = space coordinate, m ® = thermal diffusivity, m 2 /s ² = heat release rate, W/m 3 ½ = density, kg/m 3 ¿ = nondimensional time Subscripts and Superscripts c = condensed phase f = ame g = gas phase m = melting of hydrazinium nitroformate s = surface 0 = initial ¡ = on the negative side of C = on the positive side of ref = reference value -= steady-state value

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Section: Model For Nonlinear Transient Burning Of Hydrazinium Nitrofomentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for Nonlinear Transient Burning of Hydrazinium Nitroformate

Louwers¹,

Gadiot²

1999

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…HNF is a "new" chlorine-free oxidizer for use in future generation composite propellants [9]. Neat HNF shows self-sustained combustion at pressures above 0.025 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady state HNG combustion modeling

Louwers¹,

Gadiot²,

Brewster

et al. 1998

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“…Most probably the isocyanate migrated out of the binder mixture into the oxidizer. The incompatibility of HNF with isocyanates explains the degradation reaction [6]. The problem of migration was solved by adding more curing catalyst to the binder mixture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of these advantages, HNF regained new interest. After introductory experiments at TNO/PML, a pilot plant was constructed at Aerosace Propulsion Products (APP) in the Netherlands [6,7]. Since then the HNF morphology and stability have been improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion and flame structure of HNF sandwiches and propellants

Louwers¹,

Gadiot²,

Landman

et al. 1999

35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit

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The combustion of hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) sandwiches and HNF propellants has been studied in window bombs. Sandwich experiments were carried out up to 1 MPa. The binder in HNFIGAP sandwiches regresses along with the HNF. At the interface of GAP and HNF the regression rate is higher than that of neat HNF. Results of kinetic modeling of the HNF/GAP sandwich structure confii that the final flame temperature is reached closer to the burning surface above the binder slab. The binder in HNIVHTPB sandwiches does not keep up with the oxidizer. The extension above the burning surface is dependent on the pressure. At increasing pressures, the protrusion decreases. HNF/GAP propellants with both coarse and fine (474ym and 1OOpm based on sphere volume) were made with a solid loading of 55%. Both propellants have a burn rate exponent n=O.68+0.02. The difference in burn rate is very small: the propellant with fine HNF burns 4% faster at 5 MPa. The burn rate exponent of a HNF/HTPB propellant containing 73% HTPB is n=1.01+0.05. The HTPB propellant has a lower regression rate thanathe GAP propellant. The sandwich and propellant results show that GAP actively participates in the combustion, whereas HTPB does not contribute to the combustion. NO*, OH* and CN* emission images show that only the GAP sandwich has a clear diffusion flame, close enough to the surface to affect burning rate. Emission images of propellants containing coarse HNF show that only part of the surface is burning simultaneously. The propellant containing fine HNF has a more homogeneous emission from the surface.

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Development of hydrazinium nitroformate based solid propellants

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Model for Nonlinear Transient Burning of Hydrazinium Nitroformate

Model for Nonlinear Transient Burning of Hydrazinium Nitroformate

Steady state HNG combustion modeling

Combustion and flame structure of HNF sandwiches and propellants

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