Development of Holistic Three-Dimensional Models for Cold Spray Supersonic Jet

Zahiri, Saden H.; Phan, Thanh; Masood, Syed H.; Jahedi, Mahnaz

doi:10.1007/s11666-014-0113-2

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In a recent study, Zahiri et al [1], identified and emphasized the direct effect of these constants on turbulence production and turbulence eddy dissipation in a supersonic flow for cold spray process. After calibrating a numerical model with experimental data, they suggested calibrated values of Cε1 and Cε2 as 1.65 and 2.30, respectively for cold spray process.…”

Section: Governing Flow Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the surrounding air domain, the opening boundary conditions were set because it allowed the gas to cross boundary surfaces in either direction. Free-slip wall boundary condition was chosen to define interaction between gas and solid walls, which were assumed to be frictionless [1,16]. In this condition, the velocity component parallel to the wall was computed and had a finite value, but the velocity normal to the wall, and the wall shear stress, were both set to zero.…”

Section: Computational Domain and Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zahiri et al [1], proposed a holistic three dimensional CFD model for cold spray supersonic jet which includes a cold spray gas particularly nitrogen, utilizing two equation k-ε turbulence model from injection point to the surface of substrate. In this study, the simulation results were compared with experimental data to validate the model estimation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that the holistic multicomponent model will then be a close approximation of cold spray process in reality. The developed multicomponent model is calibrated against the experimental results of Zahiri et al [1], in which the thermal history of titanium substrate was recorded. It is interesting to learn that the developed multicomponent model also exhibited good agreement with the experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of 3D Multicomponent Model for Cold Spray Process Using Nitrogen and Air

et al. 2015

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Cold spray is a unique coating technology that allows for solid state deposition of particles under atmospheric pressure. In this paper, a three dimensional, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) multicomponent model is developed to estimate cold spray gas conditions involving both nitrogen and air. Calibration of the model followed by validation is accomplished by considering the thermal history of substrate exposed to cold spray supersonic jet. The developed holistic multicomponent model is effective in determining the state of gas and particles from injection point to the substrate surface with the advantage of optimizing very rapid cold spray deposition in nanoseconds. The validation of k-ε type CFD multicomponent model is done by using the temperature measured for a titanium substrate exposed to cold spray nitrogen at 800 °C and 3 MPa. Heat transfer and radiation are considered for the de Laval nozzle used in cold spray experiments. The calibrated multicomponent model has successfully estimated the state of propellant gas for the chosen high pressure and high temperature cold spray conditions. Moreover, the multicomponent model predictions are in good agreement with a previous holistic three dimensional cold spray model in which only nitrogen was used as the surrounding as well as the propellant gas. OPEN ACCESSCoatings 2015, 5 689 Keywords: cold gas dynamic spraying; supersonic jet; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); coating technique; three dimensional multicomponent numerical model

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Section: Governing Flow Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computational Domain and Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of 3D Multicomponent Model for Cold Spray Process Using Nitrogen and Air

et al. 2015

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“…Because the temperature has a major influence on the process efficiency, Li et al (2011b) were engaged with the numerical modelling of heat transfer within the nozzle and substrate. In a similar manner, Zahiri et al (2014) developed a 3-D-model that is also mainly concerned with the heat transfer between the nozzle, the fluid and the substrate. Interestingly, to point out the importance of turbulence treatment, a k-ε-turbulence model resulted in over-predicted temperatures of the gas, which could be drastically improved by a model-calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the particulate flow in cold spray nozzles

Meyer

Lupoi

2015

Mech. Sci.

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Abstract. Cold Spray is a novel technology for the application of coatings onto a variety of substrate materials. In this method, melting temperatures are not crossed and the bonding is realized by the acceleration of powder particles through a carrier gas in a converging-diverging nozzle and their high energy impact over a substrate material. The critical aspect of this technology is the acceleration process and the multiphase nature of it. Three different nozzle designs were experimented under constant conditions and their performance simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics tools. The Deposition Efficiency was measured using titanium as feedstock material and it was shown that it decreases with the cross-sectional throat area of the nozzle. Computational results based on a one-way coupled multiphase approach did not agree with this observation, while more sophisticated modelling techniques with two-way couplings can partially provide high-quality outcomes, in agreement with experimental data.

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