Development of high temperature air combustion technology in pulverized fossil fuel fired boilers

Progress and recent trend in MILD combustion

“…They found that the increase of the reactant dilution will decrease the reaction temperature and that when reactants are highly diluted with the flue gas (K v >10), NO x and CO emissions are not sensitive to the dilution level. Weber et al [70,71] and Zhang et al [49] investigated the MILD combustion of the pulverized-coal fuel and confirmed the possibility of occurrence of coal MILD combustion. Stadler et al [72,73] investigated the formation mechanisms of NO x for coal combustion under the MILD mode and, especially, the influence of char combustion and gasification on NO x formation.…”

“…National and international R&D of MILD combustion Investigators from Germany [2,[23][24][25][26][27] and Japan [5,6,28] appeared to first conduct the research and development (R&D) on the MILD combustion, followed by those from Sweden [29][30][31][32][33][34][35], Italy [4,27,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42], the Netherlands [43] , France, Australia [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], the United States [44,45] and China [8][9][10][11][12][46][47][48][49][50][51]…”

“…Their result should be useful in the design of the regenerator and the application of this combustion. Zhang et al [49] did not preheat the secondary air by using a regenerator and instead used a special burner configuration to achieve multi-stages of the hot flue gas. The temperature of the pulverized-coal flow increased rapidly in the reducing atmosphere and the requirements for MILD combustion were thus achieved.…”

“…It has been proven that the HiTAC system cannot use coal as fuel. The coal based MILD combustion experiments carried out by Weber et al [70] and Zhang et al [49] were performed using different schemes to preheat the combustion air and to achieve high jet entrainment.…”

Thermal Plasma Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

“…Thermal plasma can be characterized by approximate equality between heavy particle and electron temperatures and have numerous advantages including high temperature and high energy density [6]. Electrically generated thermal plasma can reach temperature of ~10,000 o C or more, whereas only an upper temperature limit of 2,000 o C can be achieved by burning fossil fuels [7]. For this reason, thermal plasma has been traditionally used in high temperature and large enthalpy processes [8][9][10][11].…”