Development of Hierarchical, Tunable Pore Size Polymer Foams for ICF Targets

Hamilton, C. E.; Lee, Matthew Nicholson; Parra-Vasquez, A. Nicholas G.

doi:10.13182/fst15-227

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Divinyl benzene is basically a styrene monomer with an additional vinyl group on the aromatic ring, which gives the same polymer main chain as polystyrene and is used as a crosslinker for the synthesis of polystyrene foams. [77][78][79] Due to high hydrophobicity, the polystyrene derivative can exhibit good phase separation with water, so-called High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE). PolyHIPE foams have relatively homogeneous pore distributions without a rigid template and high mechanical strengths.…”

Section: E Polystyrene and Polyhipe (High Internal Phase Emulsion)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

2018

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This review describes and categorizes the synthesis and properties of low density porous materials, which are commonly referred to as foams and are utilized for laser plasma experiments. By focusing a high-power laser on a small target composed of these materials, high energy and density states can be produced. In the past decade or so, various new target fabrication techniques have been developed by many laboratories that use high energy lasers and consequently, many publications and reviews followed these developments. However, the emphasis so far has been on targets that did not utilize low density porous materials. This review therefore, attempts to redress this balance and endeavors to review low density materials used in laser plasma experiments in recent years. The emphasis of this review will be on aspects of low density materials that are of relevance to high energy laser plasma experiments. Aspects of low density materials such as densities, elemental compositions, macroscopic structures, nanostructures, and characterization of these materials will be covered. Also, there will be a brief mention of how these aspects affect the results in laser plasma experiments and the constrictions that these requirements put on the fabrication of low density materials relevant to this field. This review is written from the chemists' point of view to aid physicists and the new comers to this field.

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Section: E Polystyrene and Polyhipe (High Internal Phase Emulsion)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

2018

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“…The process for producing the engineered pore foams was developed in ref. 44 . The engineered pore foams are constructed by placing hollow spherical SiO 2 particles of the desired pore size in an aerogel precursor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial configuration of experiments and simulations. a Scanning electron microscope image of engineered foams44 showing different macro-pore sizes. b Capsule diagram; foam matrix is open cell, containing sub-micron pores that are also filled with HT.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This uncertainty is the maximum and minimum possible values calculated based on measurement uncertainties of foam densities, foam composition, fill pressure, and fill gas composition. Measurement errors are quantified in the Methods section and described in[42][43][44][63][64][65] . The red plus symbols indicate values that would have resulted from simulations if the reactants were in thermal equilibrium.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Observation of persistent species temperature separation in inertial confinement fusion mixtures

et al. 2020

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The injection and mixing of contaminant mass into the fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions is a primary factor preventing ignition. ICF experiments have recently achieved an alpha-heating regime, in which fusion self-heating is the dominant source of yield, by reducing the susceptibility of implosions to instabilities that inject this mass. We report the results of unique separated reactants implosion experiments studying pre-mixed contaminant as well as detailed high-resolution three-dimensional simulations that are in good agreement with experiments. At conditions relevant to mixing regions in high-yield implosions, we observe persistent chunks of contaminant that do not achieve thermal equilibrium with the fuel throughout the burn phase. The assumption of thermal equilibrium is made in nearly all computational ICF modeling and methods used to infer levels of contaminant from experiments. We estimate that these methods may underestimate the amount of contaminant by a factor of two or more.

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“…The volume does not change appreciably after solvent exchange and supercritical drying. The MARBLE platform drove the need for making engineered DVB, as detailed in the 2016 paper by Hamilton et al 4 The tunable pore size foams use glass balloons to template the macropores, which are then leached using HF to remove the glass. To tune the density, it was experimentally determined that the balloons form a loosely packed matrix taking up 50% of the volume, 4 so the density of the DVB gel matrix is doubled.…”

Section: Ib Density Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Characterization of Hierarchical Tunable Pore Size Polymer Foams Used in the MARBLE Mix Morphology Experiment

Cárdenas

Murphy

Kuettner

et al. 2020

Fusion Science and Technology

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One of the great challenges of inertial confinement fusion and high energy density experiments is understanding the effects of mix on thermonuclear burn. The MARBLE campaign, conceived at Los Alamos National Laboratory, aims to gather new insights into this issue by utilizing unique target capsules containing polymer foams of variable pore sizes, tunable over an order of magnitude. Such capsules allow the degree of initial heterogeneity to be controlled experimentally for the first time. Here, we describe the various characterization efforts used to gain understanding of the chemical structure and behavior of the foam. Previous experiments were not sensitive to foam physical properties, and the MARBLE platform has aided in the development of techniques to measure foam properties such as deuterium content, density variation, hydrogen adsorption, and pore size and volume distribution.

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Development of Hierarchical, Tunable Pore Size Polymer Foams for ICF Targets

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

Observation of persistent species temperature separation in inertial confinement fusion mixtures

Material Characterization of Hierarchical Tunable Pore Size Polymer Foams Used in the MARBLE Mix Morphology Experiment

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