Development of Herbicide Safeners: Industrial and University Perspectives

Induction of Glutathione S-Transferase Isozymes in Sorghum by Herbicide Antidotes

“…Herbicide antidotes are chemical compounds used to protect certain grasses, in particular corn and sorghum, from injury by selected herbicides (4,14). Antidotes that provide varying degrees of protection to sorghum against injury by chloroacetanilide herbicides such as metolachlor or alachlor 'Cooperative investigation of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the U.S.…”

“…Addition of either the transcription inhibitor cordycepin or the translation inhibitor cycloheximide inhibited the appearance of glutathione S-transferase activity measured with metolachlor as substrate. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that antidotes confer protection against metolachlor injury in sorghum by inducing the de novo synthesis of glutathione Stransferase isozymes which catalyze the detoxification of the herbicide.Herbicide antidotes are chemical compounds used to protect certain grasses, in particular corn and sorghum, from injury by selected herbicides (4,14). Antidotes that provide varying degrees of protection to sorghum against injury by chloroacetanilide herbicides such as metolachlor or alachlor 'Cooperative investigation of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the U.S.…”

“…Herbicide antidotes are chemical compounds used to protect certain grasses, in particular corn and sorghum, from injury by selected herbicides (4,14). Antidotes are shown in Figure 1.…”

Degradation of the thiocarbamate herbicide EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate) and biosafening by Rhodococcus sp. strain NI86/21 involve an inducible cytochrome P-450 system and aldehyde dehydrogenase

“…ruderale (Kitagawa) Tzevelev) and shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) started in the late 1960s, when it was demonstrated that combined application of so-called ''safeners'' such as 1,2-naphthalic anhydride protected the crop plants against the phytotoxic effects arising at the herbicide levels required for efficient weed control (30). Such protection was also achieved by inoculation of the plants with selected bacterial strains acting as biosafeners (38).…”

“…Such protection was also achieved by inoculation of the plants with selected bacterial strains acting as biosafeners (38). Early research showed that injury caused by the herbicide EPTC to sugar beets was reduced significantly with bacterial fertilizers such as Azobacterin (30). Nagy et al (53) reported a biosafening effect for the nocardioform actinomycete Rhodococcus sp.…”