Development of health-based environmental screening levels for insensitive munitions constituents

Lent, Emily May; Leach, Glenn J.; Johnson, Mark S.

doi:10.1080/10807039.2020.1859352

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Unfortunately, there are no current legal Soil Screening Level (SSL) for DNAN or NTO in the soil although healthbased environmental screening levels are in development [47]. However for the US EPA has given a residential and industrial SSL of 19 and 79 mg kg À 1 respectively for TNT, which has similar properties to DNAN (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2014).…”

Section: Potential Environmental Impact Of Ihe Filled 155 MM Artiller...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, this figure does not consider the number of partially detonated or non-functioning ordnance which may be disposed of by blow-in-place or may be left in the environment. Both methods are known to deposit significant concentrations of explosives in the environment, therefore contributing to the accumulation of residues [13,47].…”

Section: Potential Environmental Impact Of Ihe Filled 155 MM Artiller...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Environmental Assessment of Explosive Residues from the Detonation of Insensitive High Explosive Filled 155 mm Artillery Shell

Persico

Temple

Ladyman

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Insensitive High-Explosive (IHE) typically comprises up to five constituents including 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), which are mixed in various ratios to achieve desired performance and increase insensitivity. Insensitive munitions, which are designed to detonate on command and not accidentally, are currently in use in military operations and training areas around the world. However, there is minimal literature available on the physiochemical behavior of these materials in the environment, therefore the actual consequence of residues being deposited post-detonation is still an unexplored area of research. Three 155 mm artillery shells filled with an IHE mixture of 53 % NTO, 32 % DNAN, and 15 % RDX were detonated in an inert sand arena to collect and quantify residues. Post detonation, approximately 0.02 % NTO, and 0.07 % DNAN were deposited in the environment which may rapidly accumulate dependent on the number of rounds fired. This is of concern due to the toxicity of DNAN and its degradation products, and the potential for increased acidity of soil and discoloration of watercourses from NTO contamination.

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Section: Potential Environmental Impact Of Ihe Filled 155 MM Artiller...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Environmental Impact Of Ihe Filled 155 MM Artiller...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Environmental Assessment of Explosive Residues from the Detonation of Insensitive High Explosive Filled 155 mm Artillery Shell

Persico

Temple

Ladyman

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Validation and standardization of SPE and HPLC-UV methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munitions

Scircle,

Kimble,

Smith

et al. 2023

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management

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Transport of insensitive munitions constituents, NTO, DNAN, RDX, and HMX in runoff and sediment under simulated rainfall

Polyakov

Kadoya

Beal

et al. 2023

Science of The Total Environment

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Development of health-based environmental screening levels for insensitive munitions constituents

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Quantitative Environmental Assessment of Explosive Residues from the Detonation of Insensitive High Explosive Filled 155 mm Artillery Shell

Quantitative Environmental Assessment of Explosive Residues from the Detonation of Insensitive High Explosive Filled 155 mm Artillery Shell

Validation and standardization of SPE and HPLC-UV methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munitions

Transport of insensitive munitions constituents, NTO, DNAN, RDX, and HMX in runoff and sediment under simulated rainfall

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