Development of Grain Boundary Character Distribution in Medium-Strained 316L Stainless Steel During Annealing

Huang, Weijiu; Yuan, Shiwen; Chai, Linjiang; Jiang, Luyao; Liu, Haiding; Wang, Fangjun; Wang, Dongzhe; Wang, Junjun

doi:10.1007/s12540-018-0203-7

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The grain size was also measured by considering the mean diameter of all the grains in the area considered for EBSD analysis. Fine grains of an average size of 16 µm were observed for AB sample, which is in accordance with the previous investigations (Pham et al , 2017; Huang et al , 2018). Both HT 1 and HT 2 lead to coarse grains.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of post-heat treatment cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting manufactured austenitic 316L stainless steel

Waqar

Liu

Sun

et al. 2020

RPJ

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the influence of different post-annealing cooling conditions, i.e. furnace cooling (heat treatment (HT) 1 – slow cooling) and air cooling (HT 2 – fast cooling), on the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting (SLM) built austenitic 316L stainless steel (SS). Design/methodology/approach Three sets of 316L SS samples were fabricated using a machine standard scanning strategy. Each set consists of three tensile samples and a cubic sample for microstructural investigations. Two sets were subsequently subjected to annealing HT with different cooling conditions, i.e. HT 1 and HT 2, whereas one set was used in the as-built (AB) condition. The standard metallographic techniques of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction were used to investigate the microstructural variations induced by different cooling conditions. The resultant changes in mechanical properties were also investigated. Findings The phase change of SLM fabricated 316L was observed to be independent of the investigated cooling conditions and all samples consist of austenite phase only. Both HT 1 and HT 2 lead to dissolved characteristic melt pools of SLM. Noticeable increase in grain size of HT 1 and HT 2 samples was also observed. Compared with AB samples, the grain size of HT 1 and HT 2 was increased by 12.5% and 50%, respectively. A decreased hardness and strength, along with an increased ductility was also observed for HT 2 samples compared with HT 1 and AB samples. Originality/value From previous studies, it has been noticed that most investigations on HT of SLM fabricated 316L were mainly focused on the HT temperature or holding time. However, the post-HT cooling rate is also an equally important factor in deciding the microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-treated components. Therefore, this paper investigates the influence of different post-annealing cooling conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM fabricated 316L components. This study provides a foundation for considering the post-HT cooling rate as an influential parameter that controls the properties of heat-treated SLM components.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of post-heat treatment cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting manufactured austenitic 316L stainless steel

Waqar

Liu

Sun

et al. 2020

RPJ

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“…For example, recrystallization takes place at 700 °C for 1 h following 95% cold rolling reduction [94]. Complete recrystallization after 1000 °C for 30 min following 13% cold drawing is observed in another study [96]. For the steel herein investigated, incomplete recrystallization persists after annealing at 1150 °C for 4 h.…”

Section: Comparison Of Recrystallization Kinetics Between Lpbf and Conventionally Manufactured Materialsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Considering all the microstructural features in wrought and LPBF 316L stainless steels, the weak texture and low strain found in the latter are apparently not the major contributors for the difference in their recrystallization kinetics, as seen in ref. [96]. Another point is the solute drag caused by molybdenum segregation at cell walls in the as-built LPBF AISI 316L, which guarantees enhanced thermal stability [21].…”

Section: Comparison Of Recrystallization Kinetics Between Lpbf and Conventionally Manufactured Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recrystallization in non-conventional microstructures of 316L stainless steel produced via laser powder-bed fusion: effect of particle coarsening kinetics

et al. 2022

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Alloys processed by laser powder-bed fusion show distinct microstructures composed of dislocation cells, dispersed nanoparticles, and columnar grains. Upon post-build annealing, such alloys show sluggish recrystallization kinetics compared to the conventionally processed counterpart. To understand this behavior, AISI 316L stainless steel samples were constructed using the island scan strategy. Rhodonite-like (MnSiO3) nanoparticles and dislocation cells are found within weakly-textured grains in the as-built condition. Upon isothermal annealing at 1150 °C (up to 2880 min), the nucleation of recrystallization occurs along the center of the melt pool, where nuclei sites, high stored elastic energy, and local large misorientation are found in the as-built condition. The low value of the Avrami coefficient (n = 1.16) can be explained based on the non-random distribution of nucleation sites. The local interaction of the recrystallization front with nanoparticles speeds up their coarsening causing the decrease of the Zener-Smith pinning force. This allows the progression of recrystallization in LPBF alloys, although sluggish. These results allow us to understand the progress of recrystallization in LPBF 316L stainless steel, shedding light on the nucleation mechanisms and on the competition between driving and dragging pressures in non-conventional microstructures. They also help to understand the most relevant microstructural aspects applicable for tuning microstructures and designing new LPBF alloys. Graphical abstract

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“…For example, LAM 316L samples exhibit slower kinetics and a higher recrystallization temperature than conventionally produced 316L [6]. While Huang et al [7] relates these kinetics to low strain, Pinto et al [6] and Sonis et al [8] attribute them to the Low Angle Boundary (LAB) density, which suggests that the phenomenon is not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Laser-Induced Fast Recrystallization in Ss-316l Through Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

Claire,

Van Petegem,

Schlenger

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Development of Grain Boundary Character Distribution in Medium-Strained 316L Stainless Steel During Annealing

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of post-heat treatment cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting manufactured austenitic 316L stainless steel

Effect of post-heat treatment cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting manufactured austenitic 316L stainless steel

Recrystallization in non-conventional microstructures of 316L stainless steel produced via laser powder-bed fusion: effect of particle coarsening kinetics

Monitoring of Laser-Induced Fast Recrystallization in Ss-316l Through Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

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