Development of Global Deterioration Scale Staging Algorithm

Won, Chang Won; Paik, Jong Woo; Park, Key Chung; Kim, SangYun; Park, Kun Woo; Lee, Dong Woo; Han, Sang Tae

doi:10.4235/jkgs.2011.15.2.80

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To identify older people wanting care, ADL and IADL were assessed in KLoSA [ 9 , 10 ]. ADL was composed of seven items (dressing and undressing, personal hygiene, bathing, eating, transferring from bed, toileting and voluntarily controlling urinary and faecal discharge).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective service coverage of long-term care among older persons in South Korea

Leigh,

Lee,

Yoon

et al. 2023

Age and Ageing

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Background Global population aging, and the accelerated increase in the number of oldest-old adults, over 80 years, has implied a heightened need for long-term care (LTC). We aimed to provide a theoretical care cascade of LTC services to assess publicly funded LTC (Analysis 1) and to investigate the association between the use of LTC insurance (LTCI) and unmet care needs among older people (Analysis 2) in South Korea. Methods Analysis 1 used data from the eighth wave (2020) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), the 2020 National Health Insurance Service LTCI Statistical YearBook and the 2020 National Awareness Survey of LTCI. The care cascade consisted of the target population, service contacts, coverage and outcomes. Analysis 2 used the fifth to eighth waves of KLoSA, and LTCI analysis was based on three groups: not aware, aware but do not use and aware and use. Unmet care needs were defined as the absence of help among older people with care needs. Results Among 8,489,208 people aged 65 or older in 2020, 1,368,148 (16.1%) were estimated to want care. Of these, 62.7% (N = 857,984) had LTCI service contact and 807,067 (94.1%) of those had used LTCI services in the past year (Analysis 1). Older people who were aware and used LTCI were less likely to report unmet activities of daily living (ADL) (prevalence ratio (PR): 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18–0.66) or unmet instrumental ADL (IADL) needs (PR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.17–0.43) than those who were not aware (Analysis 2). Conclusions This article provides a theoretical cascade to assess LTC provision in South Korea and a preliminary model for other countries. Korea’s LTCI is associated with reduced unmet ADL and IADL needs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective service coverage of long-term care among older persons in South Korea

Leigh,

Lee,

Yoon

et al. 2023

Age and Ageing

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“…All participants were diagnosed with MCI using the formal neuropsychological test battery SNSB [9], including the K-MMSE, CDR, Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL) [17] [9]. Age-, sex-, and education-speci c norms based on nationwide normal controls were used to interpret the SNSB results.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and usefulness of cognitive monitoring using a new home-based cognitive test in mild cognitive impairment: A prospective single arm study

Lee,

Hong,

Yang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The risk of dementia is increased in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Despite the plethora of in-person cognitive tests, those that can be administered over the phone are lacking. We hypothesized that a home-based cognitive test (HCT) using phone calls would be feasible and useful in non-demented older adults. We aimed to assess feasibility and validity of a new HCT as an optional cognitive monitoring tool without visiting hospitals. Methods: Our study was conducted in a prospective design during 24 months. We developed a new HCT consisting of 20 questions (score range 0–30). Participants with MCI (n = 38) were consecutively enrolled and underwent annual follow-ups during 24 months. Associations between HCT scores and in-person cognitive scores and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers were evaluated. In addition, HCT scores in MCI participants were cross-sectionally compared with age-matched cognitively normal (n = 30) and mild AD dementia (n = 17) participants for discriminative ability of the HCT. Results: HCT had good intra-class reliability (test-retest Cronbach’s alpha 0.839). HCT scores were correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), verbal memory delayed recall, and Stroop test scores but not associated with AD biomarkers. HCT scores significantly differed among cognitively normal, MCI, and mild dementia participants, indicating its discriminative ability. Finally, 32 MCI participants completed annual follow-up evaluations, and 8 progressed to dementia. Baseline HCT scores in dementia progressors were lower than those in non-progressors (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The feasibility and usefulness of the HCT were demonstrated in older adults with MCI. HCT could be an alternative option to monitor cognitive decline in early stages without dementia.

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“…While GDS is a tool that includes both cognitive function and activities related to daily living and abnormal behavior, and it can be used as a useful test tool for early diagnosis of dementia by classifying early cognitive impairment into various stages in detail. Both GDS and CDR tools are time-consuming and for use only by experienced professionals [30].…”

Section: A Diagnostic Tools For Measuring Dementia and Mild Cognitive...mentioning

confidence: 99%