Development of gemcitabine-adsorbed magnetic gelatin nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in lung cancer

Abstract

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were coated with gelatin type B by means of the two-step desolvation method. Drug loading by adsorption was studied under various conditions such as different temperature, contact time, pH, and initial gemcitabine concentration. Further, Langmuir isotherm curves were constracted and constants were calculated. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the Gibbs free energy of the adsorption process at 25°C was - 4.74 kJ/mol. On the other hand, this value at 37°C was - 7.86 kJ/mol. In vitro drug release was performed at pH levels of 5 and 7.4, with gemcitabine-loaded magnetic gelatin nanoparticles and free gemcitabine, and both the results were subsequently compared.

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: A Perspective on Synthesis, Drugs, Antimicrobial Activity, and Toxicity

“…Current investigations have also synthesized IONPs employing different shells with anticancer agents conventionally administered, such as β-cyclodextrin [ 135 ], carmustine [ 136 ], cetuximab [ 137 , 138 , 139 ], cytarabine [ 140 ], daunomycin [ 141 ], docetaxel [ 142 , 143 ], epirubicin [ 144 ], 5-fluorouracil [ 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ], gemcitabine [ 22 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 ], methotrexate [ 159 , 160 , 161 ], mitoxantrone [ 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 ] and paclitaxel [ 27 , 104 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 ]. It is noteworthy, however, that these nanosystems demonstrate magnetic properties only in the presence of external magnetic fields to prevent agglomerations of nanoparticles [ 111 ] and to allow a satisfactory performance in the target sites.…”

The role of iron in pulmonary pathology

“…In mice, these probes have been used to visualise areas of angiogenesis in lung cancer [ 72 ]. In vitro drug delivery in lung cancer has been successfully developed by using these nanoparticles coated in gelatin [ 73 ].…”

Natural Ingredient-Based Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment

“…Release of gemcitabine from the nanoparticles was pH-dependent and controllable. Sustained release was achieved as compared to the free drug [103]. Gemcitabine could also be delivered by gelatin nanoparticles for pancreatic cancer treatment.…”

“…Protected paclitaxel from dilution by urine; drug targeted and accumulated in bladder tissues, with pharmacologically active concentration for at least 1 week [94] Gelatin, doxorubicin, 3-carboxyphenylboronic acid Controlled release in acidic environments; higher tumor accumulation and antitumor activity [95] Gelatin, dendritic poly-L-lysine, doxorubicin Hydrolyzed by MMP-2 to release the small doxorubicin/DGL conjugates; facilitated deep penetration of doxorubicin [96] Doxorubicin, 5-ALA Release triggered by MMP-2; synergistic effects from chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy [99] Gelatin, resveratrol Sustained release; rapid cellular uptake; improved antitumor activity as compared to the free drug [100,101] Gelatin, phytohemagglutinin erythroagglutinating, gemcitabine Targeted EGFR; inhibited cancer cell growth by mediating EGFR phosphorylation and causing cell apoptosis [102] Gelatin, iron oxide, gemcitabine Controllable and pH-dependent release manner; sustained release [103] ERFR-targeted thiolated targeted gelatin, gemcitabine, wt-p53 plasmid Efficient antitumor activity in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma-bearing mice; synergistic effect for combination therapy [104,105] 3.1.7. Co-Natural Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy More than one natural material can be employed in one nanoparticle's DDS (Table 3).…”