Development of gel filtration and specific analyses of urinary carbohydrate and protein material

The Influence of Pullulanase and α‐Amylase upon the Oligosaccharide Product Spectra of Wheat Starch Hydrolysates

“…11) which shows a similar pattern of accumulation and decline is hydrolyzed to G6 and G2. This evidence is supported by work on the susceptibility of individual oligosaccharides to a-amylase attack [3]. An essential difference between the hydrolysates of the same D.E.…”

“…11) than in combination with pullulanase (b). It is likely that this distinguishing characteristic derives from a restricted access to the branched polysaccharide which a-amylase experiences in regime (a) and which results in a larger rate of hydrolysis of the oligosaccharides such as G7 and G8, which are amenable to aamylase [3], than when pullulanase is present (b) to provide a more accessible polysaccharide substrate, by the specific hydrolysis of the a-(1+ 6) linkages. If this is the case then these differences between the product spectra of regimes (a) and (b) should be considerably enlarged by the use of a more highly branched substrate.…”

The Behaviour and Identification of a Range of Starch and Starch‐Related Oligosaccharides Series on Gel Permeation Chromatography as a Function of Their Molecular Shapes

“…A water jacketted column (140 x 2.8 cm id) maintained at 60°C, to eliminate hydration effects relating to the gel, [lo, 211, using a thermostatted circulatory bath (Grant FH15) was packed with Bio-Gel P2 (-400 mesh). The packed column was continuously pumped using a piston pump (Metering Pumps Ltd, Series 11) at constant flow rate (0.86ml min-') with sodium chloride solution (0.1 M) to prevent the occurrence of any nonspecific adsorption phenomenon [13,22]. Column eluents were continuously monitored using an automated L-cysteine/sulphuric acid assay [23,241.…”

“…Polyacrylamide gel media, first introduced by Hjerten and Mosbach [7] has the distinct advantages over cross-linked dextran gels [8] for such separations in that adsorption of sample to dextran is common [9], and polyacrylamide is less biodegradable. The most common technique for the separation of oligosaccharides by gel permeation chromatography was first introduced by John et al [lo], and has found widespread applications including the analysis of corn syrups [ll], malto-oligosaccharides in beer [12], and urine for carbohydrate and protein as a diagnostic method for the determination of some genetic diseases [13] to name but a few applications. There have however been sporadic citings in the literature that shoulders on some peaks are observed in starch hydrolysates [14,15] and this has been explained in terms of branched oligosaccharides in which there are both (1 + 4)-a-D and (1 + 6)-a-D glycosidic linkages present.…”