Development of functional connectome gradients during childhood and adolescence

Xia, Yu; Xia, Mingrui; Liu, Jin; Liao, Xuhong; Lei, Tianjie; Liang, Xinyu; Zhao, Tengda; Shi, Zhenhao; Sun, Long; Chen, Xiaodan; Men, Weiwei; Wang, Yanpei; Pan, Zhiying; Luo, Jie; Peng, Siya; Chen, Menglu; Lei, Hao; Tan, Shuping; Gao, Jia‐Hong; Qin, Shaozheng; Gong, Gaolang; Tao, Sha; Dong, Qi; He, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.scib.2022.01.002

Cited by 66 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…It is intriguing to speculate that increased global functional connectivity in high-level regions and networks may be a somewhat exclusive property of the action of classic psychedelics. However, a broadly similar profile of brain function (i.e., dysregulation of activity in high-level cortex and compression of the brain’s hierarchical organization) has been seen in experienced meditators meditating ( 61 )—as well as in schizophrenia, ( 62 ) and infancy ( 63 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human brain effects of DMT assessed via EEG-fMRI

Timmermann

Roseman

Haridas

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Psychedelics have attracted medical interest, but their effects on human brain function are incompletely understood. In a comprehensive, within-subjects, placebo-controlled design, we acquired multimodal neuroimaging [i.e., EEG-fMRI (electroencephalography-functional MRI)] data to assess the effects of intravenous (IV) N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) on brain function in 20 healthy volunteers. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI was acquired prior to, during, and after a bolus IV administration of 20 mg DMT, and, separately, placebo. At dosages consistent with the present study, DMT, a serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist, induces a deeply immersive and radically altered state of consciousness. DMT is thus a useful research tool for probing the neural correlates of conscious experience. Here, fMRI results revealed robust increases in global functional connectivity (GFC), network disintegration and desegregation, and a compression of the principal cortical gradient under DMT. GFC × subjective intensity maps correlated with independent positron emission tomography (PET)-derived 5-HT2AR maps, and both overlapped with meta-analytical data implying human-specific psychological functions. Changes in major EEG-measured neurophysiological properties correlated with specific changes in various fMRI metrics, enriching our understanding of the neural basis of DMT’s effects. The present findings advance on previous work by confirming a predominant action of DMT—and likely other 5-HT2AR agonist psychedelics—on the brain’s transmodal association pole, i.e., the neurodevelopmentally and evolutionarily recent cortex that is associated with species-specific psychological advancements, and high expression of 5-HT2A receptors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human brain effects of DMT assessed via EEG-fMRI

Timmermann

Roseman

Haridas

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Furthermore, predictive edges were found to span primarily both higher order systems (DMN, FPN) and primary systems (VIS, SM), with the former contributing more (in number) to behavioural prediction as per prior work 12,21,37 . Given their developmentally late maturation 79 , susceptibility to individual environmental effects 80 and, dense 5-HT2A expression 81 and coordination of multisensory integration in comparison to primary systems 61 , higher-order regions may more easily account for divergent phenomena, more so than primary systems, themselves partially influenced by the temporary states of each individual during scanning 82 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ritualistic use of ayahuasca enhances a shared functional connectome identity with others

Mallaroni

Mason

Kloft

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The knowledge that brain functional connectomes are both unique and reliable has enabled The knowledge that brain functional connectomes are both unique and reliable has enabled behaviourally relevant inferences at a subject level. However, it is unknown whether such fingerprints persist under altered states of consciousness. Ayahuasca is a potent serotonergic psychedelic which elicits a widespread dysregulation of functional connectivity. Used communally in religious ceremonies, its shared use may highlight relevant novel interactions between mental state and FC inherency. Using 7T fMRI, we assessed resting-state static and dynamic FCs for 21 Santo Daime members after collective ayahuasca intake in an acute, within-subject study. Here, connectome fingerprinting revealed a shared functional space, accompanied by a spatiotemporal reallocation of keypoint edges. Importantly, we show that interindividual differences in higher-order FCs motifs are relevant to experiential phenotypes, given that they can predict perceptual drug effects. Collectively, our findings offer an example as to how individualised connectivity markers can be used to trace a subjects functional connectome across altered states of consciousness.

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“…Another way to examine parcel-level effects is to examine the development of the sensory-association axis across cortex. Two recent and well-powered studies found that in middle childhood, a sensoryassociation gradient is in place, but the most variance in patterns of connectivity is explained by separation between visual and somatomotor systems (Dong et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2022). By age 12 years, however, the organization of the sensory-association gradient resembles that of adults; development of the primary sensory-association gradient may be mediated by changes in network architecture (Dong et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two recent and well-powered studies found that in middle childhood, a sensoryassociation gradient is in place, but the most variance in patterns of connectivity is explained by separation between visual and somatomotor systems (Dong et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2022). By age 12 years, however, the organization of the sensory-association gradient resembles that of adults; development of the primary sensory-association gradient may be mediated by changes in network architecture (Dong et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2022). Functional network architecture has been shown to have cognitive consequences: youth with more segregated networks, and in particular taskpositive (i.e., attention and control systems) and task-negative (i.e., default mode) systems, perform better on a wide variety of cognitive tasks (Gu et al, 2015;Lopez et al, 2019;Marek et al, 2019;Jones et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The age of reason: Functional brain network development during childhood

Tooley

Park

Leonard

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Human childhood is characterized by dramatic changes in the mind and brain. However, little is known about the large-scale intrinsic cortical network changes that occur during childhood due to methodological challenges in scanning young children. Here, we overcome this barrier by using sophisticated acquisition and analysis tools to investigate functional network development in children between the ages of 4 and 10 years (n = 92). At multiple spatial scales, age is positively associated with brain network segregation. At the system level, age was associated with segregation of systems involved in attention from those involved in abstract cognition, and with integration among attentional and perceptual systems. Associations between age and functional connectivity are most pronounced in visual and medial prefrontal cortex, the two ends of a gradient from perceptual, externally oriented cortex to abstract, internally oriented cortex. These findings suggest that both ends of the sensory-association gradient may develop early, in contrast to the classical theories that cortical maturation proceeds from back to front, with sensory areas developing first and association areas developing last. More mature patterns of brain network architecture, controlling for age, were associated with better visuospatial reasoning abilities. Our results suggest that as cortical architecture becomes more specialized, children become more able to reason about the world and their place in it.

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Development of functional connectome gradients during childhood and adolescence

Cited by 66 publications

References 74 publications

Human brain effects of DMT assessed via EEG-fMRI

Human brain effects of DMT assessed via EEG-fMRI

Ritualistic use of ayahuasca enhances a shared functional connectome identity with others

The age of reason: Functional brain network development during childhood

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