Development of flume model of inclined capillary barrier (clay silt/CDW) in a subtropical climate scenario

Abstract

Interest in research on capillary barrier (CB) in regions with humid climates (tropical and subtropical) is increasing. One of the main advantages of such cover type is the greater flexibility regarding the materials that could compose it. A possibility is the use of construction and demolition wastes (CDW), which would contribute to the solution of CDW destination, a problem in urban centers. Thus, the present work aimed an experimental evaluation of CB cover with CDW in its composition. A CB cover system was reproduced in a physical model in acrylic box, with clay soil as capillary layer and CDW as capillary block, given its granulometric and hydraulic contrast. The layers were arranged with the usual landfill slope, of 1:3, and a very heavy rain, of 90 mm, was simulated. Three tests were performed on the flume model, in which initial CDW saturation degree (S0) was varied in 4,5%, 10,3% and 17,3%. Results indicate formation, indeed, of capillary barrier between the two used materials. The most efficient model was the one with lowest initial CDW S0, of 4,5%. As the CWD S0 increased, time of flow permanence at materials interface decreased, indicating a CWD S0 in which such capillary barriers no longer function effectively. Regarding percolation rate, the maximum for a 90 mm rainfall was 2,7%, which fits the landfill cover projects criteria consulted.