Development of flame retarded composite fibreboard for building applications using oil palm residue

Suoware, T. O.; Edelugo, S. O.; Ugwu, Benjamin N.; Amula, E.; Digitemie, Innocent Eteli

doi:10.3989/mc.2019.10418

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The samples with the addition of filler showed a slower rate of weight degradation compared to the neat material. The results prove that ATH and G can maintain the stability of UP by being degraded at higher temperatures (Suoware et al, 2019). The increase in UP stability is 2) T 50 is the temperature at 50% weight.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Unsaturated Polyester Resin/Aluminum Tri-hydroxide Added with Short Glass Fiber for Battery Box

Kaleg¹,

Sudirja²,

Budiman³

et al. 2023

JART

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A battery box made of polymer material must consider mechanical strengthand flame retardancy. One solution to increase the flame retardancy of polymers is toadd a flame retardant filler. However, sometimes adding a flame retardant filler cancause degradation of mechanical strength compared to neat polymers. The combinationof more than one type of filler or hybrid fillers can produce the optimal combination offlame retardancy and mechanical strength. An experimental study was carried out tocharacterize several composite polymer samples of unsaturated polyester (UP) resincombined with fillers of aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH) to increase flame retardancyand short glass fiber (G) to improve mechanical strength. The DSC results show thatthe maximum endothermic of all samples occurred at a temperature of around 70 ºC.The TGA results prove that ATH and G can maintain the thermal stability of UP so thatthe composite samples were degraded at higher temperatures by reducing the rate ofweight degradation due to a temperature of around 0.1%/ºC. The burning test alsoshows that samples with ATH and G have a lower burning rate value than neat UP. Formechanical characterization, the tensile strength of the samples with ATH and G waslower than that of neat UP. However, UP/ATH/G2 showed an optimal compositioncompared to other filler compositions with a tensile strength of 41.5 MPa. This samplealso produces an optimal bending strength of 68.9 MPa and even higher than neat UP.These results were confirmed by SEM observations, in which filler G was exfoliated inthe UP. The broken G particles on the fracture surface observation prove the goodinterlock bonding between UP and G, which contributes to increasing the mechanicalstrength of the UP composite.

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Section: Thermal Stability Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Unsaturated Polyester Resin/Aluminum Tri-hydroxide Added with Short Glass Fiber for Battery Box

Kaleg¹,

Sudirja²,

Budiman³

et al. 2023

JART

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“…Due to both processes, the halogen-free flame-retardant APP is considered a very effective phosphorus-based flame retardant used in polymers because it is more environmentally friendly, highly effective, and low in toxicity. However, it is necessary to note, as can be seen from the results, that APP can affect the deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of the composite and increase the generation of smoke [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Behaviour and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Synergistic Systems in Rigid Polyurethane Foams

2022

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In the presented work, the influence of two flame retardants—ammonium polyphosphates and 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine on the polyurethane foam (PUR) systems were studied. In this paper, these interactive properties are studied by using the thermal analytical techniques, TGA and DTA, which enable the various thermal transitions and associated volatilization to be studied and enable the connection of the results with thermal and mechanical analysis, as are thermal conductivities, compression and bending behavior, hardness, flammability, and surface morphology. In this way, a greater understanding of what the addition of fire retardants to polyurethane foams means for system flammability itself and, on the other hand, how this addition affects the mechanical properties of PUR may be investigated. It was obtained that retardants significantly increase the fire resistance of the PURs systems while they do not affect the thermal conductivity and only slightly decrease the mechanical properties of the systems. Therefore, the presented systems seem to be applicable as thermal insulation where low heat conductivity coupled with high flame resistance is required.

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“…The graph shows that the increase of ATH content decreases the flexural strength of GFRP, ranging from 34.3% to 63.4% lower than sample C. This is because ATH is a mineral that tends to agglomerate when mixed with resin, which could be attributed to mechanical properties degradation [44]. The agglomeration is resulted from a non-homogeneous particle distribution hence weakening the interaction between the filler and the matrix [42] and leads to a potential stress concentration [46]. The visual observation about such agglomeration will be discussed further in the next section below.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Gfrp Filled With Ath and Mmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluations of Aluminum Tri-Hydroxide and Pristine Montmorillonite in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer for Vehicle Components

Kaleg

Budiman

Hapid

et al. 2022

IJAME

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One of the safety requirements for the vehicle components is in terms of the flammability factor. Generally, the polymer material used for vehicle components is Unsaturated Polyester (UP). Unfortunately, this material is highly flammable. The addition of Aluminum Tri-Hydroxide (ATH) to UP is known to improve its flame retardancy, but its material strength is compromised. Moreover, the use of pristine Montmorillonite (MMT) rather than the commonly used organomodified MMT as a mixture to the ATH results in different material characteristics that could potentially minimise such a reduction of material strength. This manuscript discusses the combination of ATH and MMT in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites, specifically in terms of mechanical properties and flame retardancy. The increase of ATH content to UP decreases the flexural strength of GFRP, ranging from 34.3% to 63.4% lower than the neat GFRP. A slight increase of flexural strength is found in samples with ATH and MMT combinations (CA45M15), indicating that the addition of MMT does not dramatically change the flexural strength of GFRP. However, the addition of filler ATH, MMT, or a combination of both could increase the flame retardancy of GFRP. The addition of ATH leads to a slight increase of the UP initial temperature of decomposition, while the addition of MMT shows almost no notable differences. The flammability test shows that the additions of ATH, MMT or their combinations tend to decrease the rate of linear burning. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ATH and MMT could effectively improve the flame retardancy of GFRP.

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Development of flame retarded composite fibreboard for building applications using oil palm residue

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Unsaturated Polyester Resin/Aluminum Tri-hydroxide Added with Short Glass Fiber for Battery Box

Unsaturated Polyester Resin/Aluminum Tri-hydroxide Added with Short Glass Fiber for Battery Box

Flame Retardant Behaviour and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Synergistic Systems in Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Evaluations of Aluminum Tri-Hydroxide and Pristine Montmorillonite in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer for Vehicle Components

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