2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.016
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Development of fear acquisition and extinction in children: Effects of age and anxiety

Abstract: Development of anxiety disorders is associated with neurobiological changes in areas that are a critical part of the fear neurocircuitry. Fear conditioning paradigms can offer insight into the mechanisms underlying the neurobiological ontogeny of anxiety. A small number of studies have focused on the effects of age and anxiety separately in school age children. The present study aimed to investigate these effects in 8-13 year old children with higher and lower trait anxiety. We examined differential fear condi… Show more

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Cited by 102 publications
(125 citation statements)
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References 37 publications
(52 reference statements)
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“…Results may be stronger with a more intense US (cf. Lau et al, 2011) and the inclusion of startle eye blink reflexes to index defensive responding (Glenn et al, 2011;Jovanovic et al, 2014). Methodologically, future studies should consider reporting inter-rater reliability of SCR data.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Results may be stronger with a more intense US (cf. Lau et al, 2011) and the inclusion of startle eye blink reflexes to index defensive responding (Glenn et al, 2011;Jovanovic et al, 2014). Methodologically, future studies should consider reporting inter-rater reliability of SCR data.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, use of the terms fear learning, fear conditioning, fear-motivated learning, fear memory, and fear extinction has become so widespread that many readers interested in these subjects might well skip altogether an article whose title does not contain those words. So they will be used here as they are in most other recent accounts of the subject (95,98,115,116,182,294,296,299,378,403,421,462,463,468,475,501,524,653).…”
Section: B Fear-motivated Learningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It can be associated with neutral stimuli that may become CSs, such as a noise, a tone or a light, and become a form of conditioned fear (146,223). In humans it has become standard testing for anxiety related to fear and characteristically increases in patients suffering from fear disorders (PTSD among them) or with other disorders that increase their propensity to suffer fear (95,299,462,463,502).…”
Section: B Fear-motivated Learningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similar to some aforementioned studies, unaffected controls exhibited a differential CR throughout extinction. In contrast, youth with OCD exhibited an initial reversal of conditioned threat to the CS+ and CS- in early extinction likely reflecting an anticipated contingency shift [81], followed by a persistent CR to the CS+ throughout extinction [80]. Across youth, greater OCD severity and anxiety sensitivity were moderately associated with a smaller differential response to the CS+ and CS-.…”
Section: Threat Conditioning and Extinction In Youth With Ocdmentioning
confidence: 99%