Development of Fe2O3/YSZ ceramic plates for cryogenic operation of resistive-protected gaseous detectors

Abstract

We present a ceramic material based on hematite (Fe2O3) and zirconia stabilized with yttria at 8% molar (YSZ), that exhibits stable electrical properties with transported charge and that can be tuned to the resistivities necessary to induce spark-quenching in gaseous detectors (ρ = 109-1012 Ω⋅cm), from room temperature down to the liquid-vapor coexistence point of nitrogen (77 K). It, thus, allows covering the operating temperatures of most immediate interest to gaseous instrumentation. The ceramics have been produced in a region of mass concentrations far from what has been usually explored in literature: optimal characteristics are achieved for Fe2O3 concentrations of 75%wt (LAr boiling temperature), 35%wt (LXe boiling temperature), and 100%wt (room temperature). The nine-orders-of-magnitude enhancement observed for the electrical conductivity of the mixed phases relative to that of pure Fe2O3 is startling, however it can be qualitatively understood based on existing literature. Plates of 4 cm × 4 cm have been manufactured and, prior to this work, operated in-detector at the LXe boiling point (165 K), demonstrating spark-free operation. Illustrative results obtained for the first time on a spark-protected amplification structure (RP-WELL) at around the LAr boiling point (90 K) are now presented, too.

Cryogenic RPWELL: a novel charge-readout element for dual-phase argon TPCs

“…The bulk resistivity 𝑅 V at 90 K was 8 × 10 10 Ω•cm at ∼ 20 V (low-voltage drop, amenable to present conditions). A detailed account of the properties of these ceramic materials at cryogenic temperatures can be found in [30].…”

“…This motivated the development of new materials, in collaboration with the Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias in Santiago de Compostela. A novel ceramic material based on Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) was engineered for operation at 90 K, -1 - as reported in [29,30]. Compared to [26], the ceramics production, in particular the post-processing stage, has been improved, and the concentration range extended to cover all temperatures of potential interest down to liquid argon (LAr) temperature.…”