Development of Facial Masks for Indirect Calorimetric Studies for Livestock

Maia, Alex Sandro Campos; Gebremedhin, K. G.; Nascimento, Sheila Tavares; Carvalho, Marcos D.; Simão, Bruno Rodrigo; Camerro, Leandro Z.; Neto, Marcos Chiquitelli

doi:10.13031/aim.20141897355

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The increase in body temperature and respiration rate while lying was caused due to decrease in amount of cow's surface area exposed to ambient air. Maia et al (2014) utilized spirometry mask to determine the respiration rate of livestock. A spirometry mask is a facial mask designed to measure the gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Contact Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contact methods of respiration estimation involve the use of sensors that need to be mounted or implanted in the livestock to monitor respiration rate. Domain specific examples of contact sensor technology include thoracic belts (Egenberg et al, 2000), spirometry masks (Maia et al, 2014), temperature sensors (Milan et al, 2016), and pressure sensors (Strutzke et al, 2019). Demand for automated non-invasive methods of disease detection in livestock has increased because it provides a remote and noninvasive method of respiration monitoring in livestock.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Review of Monitoring Techniques for Livestock Respiration and Sounds

Handa

Peschel²

2022

Front. Anim. Sci.

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This article reviews the different techniques used to monitor the respiration and sounds of livestock. Livestock respiration is commonly assessed visually by observing abdomen fluctuation; however, the traditional methods are time consuming, subjective, being therefore impractical for large-scale operations and must rely on automation. Contact and non-contact technologies are used to automatically monitor respiration rate; contact technologies (e.g., accelerometers, pressure sensors, and thermistors) utilize sensors that are physically mounted on livestock while non-contact technologies (e.g., computer vision, thermography, and sound analysis) enable a non-invasive method of monitoring respiration. This work summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of contact and non-contact technologies and discusses the emerging role of non-contact sensors in automating monitoring for large-scale farming operations. This work is the first in-depth examination of automated monitoring technologies for livestock respiratory diseases; the findings and recommendations are important for livestock researchers and practitioners who can gain a better understanding of these different technologies, especially emerging non-contact sensing.

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Section: Contact Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A Review of Monitoring Techniques for Livestock Respiration and Sounds

Handa

Peschel²

2022

Front. Anim. Sci.

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“…In other studies, the RR measurement was accomplished through a time limit instead of a breath limit. Maia et al (2014) counted flank movements for 15 s after putting a face mask on cattle to measure the physiological response. The textbook Clinical Propaedeutics of Domestic Animals (Baumgartner et al 2018) recommends counting at least 30 s of flank movement, also applied by Pinto et al (2019) in their examination of the influence of climate and circumstantial factors on RR in cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How should the respiration rate be counted in cattle?

et al. 2022

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Respiration rate (RR) is a proficient indicator to measure the health status of cattle. The common method of measurement is to count the number of respiratory cycles each minute based on flank movements. However, there is no consistent method of execution. In previous studies, various methods have been described, including counting flank movements for 15 s, 30 s or 60 s as well as stopping the time for 5 or 10 breaths. We assume that the accuracy of the aforementioned methods differs. Therefore, we compared their precision with an RR sensor, which was used as the reference method in this study. Five scientists from the fields of agricultural science and veterinary medicine quantified the flank movement according to each of the five methods mentioned above. The results showed that with an average RR of 30 breaths per minute (bpm), all methods showed a high correlation to the values of the RR sensor. However, counting breaths for 60 s had the highest level of conformity with the RR sensor (Lin`s concordance correlation coefficient: 0.96) regardless of the level of RR. With rising RR, the inaccuracy increased significantly for the other four investigated methods, especially when counting 5 and 10 breaths. Therefore, we would recommend that counting for 60 s should be used as the standard method for future studies due to its high precision regardless of the level of RR.

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Development of Facial Masks for Indirect Calorimetric Studies for Livestock

Cited by 2 publications

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A Review of Monitoring Techniques for Livestock Respiration and Sounds

A Review of Monitoring Techniques for Livestock Respiration and Sounds

How should the respiration rate be counted in cattle?

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