Development of Extremely-Low-Sag Invar Reinforced ACSR (XTACIR)

Sakabe, S.; Mori, N.; Sato, K.; Miyake, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1109/tpas.1981.316498

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the 1970s, increasing the capacity of overhead transmission lines in the suburbs of Japan was a critical issue. Hence, a doublecapacity conductor for overhead transmission lines, the socalled aluminum conductor invar reinforced (ACIR), 64,65) was developed with the same size and weight as those of conventional conductors, which are called aluminum con-ductor steel reinforced (ACSR). The only possible way to double the capacity was by reconductoring, using ACIR and existing steel towers.…”

Section: Power Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present Status and Future Perspective of Bismuth-Based High-Temperature Superconducting Wires Realizing Application Systems

Sato

Kobayashi

Nakashima

2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Among a series of high-temperature superconducting materials that have been discovered to date, (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-x is the best candidate for superconducting wires that are long with commercial productivity, and critical current performance. In particular, the controlled overpressure (CT-OP) sintering technique gave us a 100% density of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-x portion, which leads to robustness, increase in critical current, and mechanical tolerance. Many application prototypes are already verified and are being evaluated worldwide. Current leads for large magnets and magnetic billet heaters are already commercial products. Commercial applications for power cables, motors for ship propulsion and electric vehicles, and many kinds of magnets are promising in the near future.

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Section: Power Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present Status and Future Perspective of Bismuth-Based High-Temperature Superconducting Wires Realizing Application Systems

Sato

Kobayashi

Nakashima

2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…• Invar steel alloy wires have reduced rate of thermal elongation and a slightly lower tensile strength than HS steel wires. At high temperature, the increase in sag of invar reinforced conductor is comparatively lower than that of ACSR [3].…”

Section: Requirements Of Conductor Wire Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In this type of conductor, thermal resistant aluminium alloy conductor strands are reinforced by high nickel-iron alloy known as invar in a standard ACSR form and can therefore be installed using standard methods [3] (Fig. 10).…”

Section: Invar Cored Ht Conductors (Tacir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Technological Advances in High Temperature Overhead Line Composite Conductors

Seetharamu,

Kumar,

Sampathkumaran

et al. 2023

joast

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ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductors consisting of pure aluminum wires helically stranded around a core of high strength galvanized steel core wires are widely used in overhead transmission line applications. While the steel wires provides the required strength, the outer aluminium serves as electricity conducting member. The thermal rating or ampacity of conductors is the maximum current that a circuit can carry within the temperature limits as dictated by the allowable conductor sag or by the annealing onset temperature of the conductor, whichever is lower. On a continuous basis, ACSR may be operated at temperatures up to 100°C without any significant change in the conductor’s physical properties. Above 100°C, aluminum wires loses tensile strength over time and becomes "fully annealed" giving rise to increased thermal expansion of the conductor; this causes excessive sagging reducing the clearance between the ground and the energized conductors. While, the electric utilities are posed with increased challenges of production of additional capacities and building new transmission circuits to meet the ever growing demand and the high cost and environmental restrictions of constructing new lines, methods are being explored to increase their capacity with minimum changes in the existing towers. Replacement of the existing conductor with a advanced high temperature composite (HTC) conductors operating upto temperatures of 200°C with reduced sagging characteristics have been attempted and an increase in capacity of 30-80%, can be achieved through application of these composite conductors. The advanced HTC conductors with varied combinations of core material and outer conducting wires are being tried so as to achieve wide ranging properties. In general, HTC conductors features the combinations of either soft aluminum wires with ultra high strength steel or temperature resistant aluminium with or fiber reinforced metal/polymer matrix composites as the core. Both the alumina fiber reinforced temperature resistant aluminium metal matrix composite and the carbon fiber reinforced high temperature polymer resin composite wires as the core material appears to have favorable applications. The comparative performance of the HTC depends on the degree to which both outer aluminum strand and reinforcing core’s physical properties are stable at high temperature and on the elastic, plastic, and thermal elongation of the combined HTC. The summary of various developments realized in the area of composite conductors and their relative merits and demerits have been discussed in detail.

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“…The most commonly implemented HTLS technologies are: aluminium conductor steel supported (ACSS) with the soft/annealed aluminium providing the conduction and the steel core providing most of the tensile strength [2]; zirconium treated aluminium conductor invar reinforced whose steel core and aluminium are specially processed to reduce thermal expansion and maintain strength at high temperatures [3]; Gap‐type ACSR (GZTACSR) that allows to easily control the conductor's knee‐point temperature (KPT) at installation [4]; aluminium conductor composite reinforced (ACCR) [5]; and aluminium conductor composite (non‐conductive) core [6]. The last two technologies use lighter core material than steel to further improve strength‐to‐mass ratio (compared with AAACs) and improve the overall OHL performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overhead line design considerations for conductor creep mitigation

Kopsidas¹,

Boumecid

Cooper

2016

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Utilities are continuously investigating methods to economically reinforce their overhead line (OHL) networks by reconductoring with larger conductors or with novel high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductor technologies. To further optimize the OHL design, conductor creep ageing is calculated and mitigated at installation, which economically improves an OHLs' performance. An already established methodology is used to investigate common and HTLS conductors ageing effect on sag and tension in order to highlight the benefits and risks that could result from existing creep mitigation methods particularly on HTLS conductors. The paper aims to identify the impact of important design factors, such as ice loading and emergency operation events and their frequency of occurrence, on creep mitigation as well as to highlight the creep variation of the same materials used particularly on different HTLS conductors. The analysis presented here indicates that pre-tensioning could be more beneficial on soft aluminium HTLS conductors while over-tensioning can result in extensive durations of conductor over-stressing on steel supported and gap type conductors. Furthermore, the conductor technology majorly affects the creep of steel core which cannot be considered always as zero. The accuracy of the methodology is also re-validated using recent experimental data from gap conductor.

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Development of Extremely-Low-Sag Invar Reinforced ACSR (XTACIR)

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Present Status and Future Perspective of Bismuth-Based High-Temperature Superconducting Wires Realizing Application Systems

Present Status and Future Perspective of Bismuth-Based High-Temperature Superconducting Wires Realizing Application Systems

Review of Technological Advances in High Temperature Overhead Line Composite Conductors

Overhead line design considerations for conductor creep mitigation

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