Development of extended formulations of the relative concentration of chain carrier method for knock prediction in spark-ignited internal combustion engines fueled with gaseous fuels

Amador, Germán; Yepes, Hernando A.; Gonzalez‐Quiroga, Arturo; Bula, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118352

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The existence of several concerns related to the increasing energy demand and the related environmental crisis [1][2][3][4][5][6] indicates the need to identify innovative, effective and low cost solutions. Photoelectrochemical water splitting (PWS) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] is recognised as a promising strategy and it attracts particular interest for storing solar energy into the chemical bonds of hydrogen as fuel [26][27][28], which can be further utilised in fuel cells [29][30][31][32][33][34], internal combustion engines and to progressively decarbonize industrial processes [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer

et al. 2020

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A photoelectrochemical tandem cell (PEC) based on a cathodic hydrophobic gas-diffusion backing layer was developed to produce dry hydrogen from solar driven water splitting. The cell consisted of low cost and non-critical raw materials (CRMs). A relatively high-energy gap (2.1 eV) hematite-based photoanode and a low energy gap (1.2 eV) cupric oxide photocathode were deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO) and a hydrophobic carbonaceous substrate, respectively. The cell was illuminated from the anode. The electrolyte separator consisted of a transparent hydrophilic anionic solid polymer membrane allowing higher wavelengths not absorbed by the photoanode to be transmitted to the photocathode. To enhance the oxygen evolution rate, a NiFeOX surface promoter was deposited on the anodic semiconductor surface. To investigate the role of the cathodic backing layer, waterproofing and electrical conductivity properties were studied. Two different porous carbonaceous gas diffusion layers were tested (Spectracarb® and Sigracet®). These were also subjected to additional hydrophobisation procedures. The Sigracet 35BC® showed appropriate ex-situ properties for various wettability grades and it was selected as a cathodic substrate for the PEC. The enthalpic and throughput efficiency characteristics were determined, and the results compared to a conventional FTO glass-based cathode substrate. A throughput efficiency of 2% was achieved for the cell based on the hydrophobic backing layer, under a voltage bias of about 0.6 V, compared to 1% for the conventional cell. For the best configuration, an endurance test was carried out under operative conditions. The cells were electrochemically characterised by linear polarisation tests and impedance spectroscopy measurements. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs were analysed to assess the structure and morphology of the investigated materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer

et al. 2020

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“…No obstante, de forma inherente estos pueden ser dependientes de la temperatura, en el sentido que los parámetros para calcular las tasas de reacción son función de esta variable y si bien un cambio en esta puede pensarse que afecta a los dos por igual, esto solo sería válido si para una misma reacción tuviesen los mismos parámetros cinéticos, pero esto no siempre ocurre. Un ejemplo claro de esto puede verse con la reacción 𝐻𝑂 2 + 𝐶𝐻 3 ↔ 𝑂𝐻 + 𝐶𝐻 3 𝑂, la cual de acuerdo con un reciente estudio es Página 16 | 21 relevante en el proceso de autoignición [26], cuyos parámetros cinéticos son muy diferentes entre mecanismos. En M1 esta reacción tiene energía de activación nula en M2 es -687.5 cal/mol, el exponente de la temperatura en M1 es cero y en M2 es 0.269, mientras que los factores pre -exponenciales son 3.78 x 10 13 y 1 x 10 12 para M1 y M2 respectivamente, lo cual claramente ante cambios de temperatura puede generar variaciones en los resultados.…”

Section: Página 13 | 21unclassified

Estudio estadístico de las desviaciones en las estimaciones del tiempo de retraso a la ignición para mezclas de H2/CH4 utilizando un código comercial y de fuente abierta

Yepes*,

Salazar,

Cardona

2023

TecnoL.

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La adecuada estimación del tiempo de retraso a la ignición es uno de los temas de mayor relevancia en la ingeniería de combustión. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las posibles desviaciones que puede presentar un programa de código libre como es Cantera respecto a los resultados entregados por una aplicación comercial, en este caso CHEMKIN 19.0. La metodología empleada en el trabajo estuvo basada en la comparación de medias con respecto a un valor fijo y el análisis de varianza (ANOVA), considerando un diseño experimental factorial completo del tipo 2k. Se aplicó una transformación a la diferencia relativa estimada para ser usada como variable de respuesta cumpliendo así la condición de distribución normal. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que existen desviaciones desde un punto de vista estadístico, aunque estas son muy pequeñas y descartables desde un enfoque práctico y de ingeniería. Como conclusión, se pudo establecer un intervalo de confianza y un umbral superior para dichas diferencias con un 95 % de confianza, donde la raíz sexta de la desviación relativa promedio no supera el valor de 0.8 y además está contenida entre 0.67 y 0.71, confirmando que las diferencias no son relevantes teniendo en cuenta que la desviación relativa es aún menor.

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“…On the other hand, in the transportation sector, gasoline is a prominent energy source, and the vehicles of 89% in China are fueled with gasoline [23]. Consequently, researchers from various countries have made efforts to investigate the suitable alternative fuels for gasoline (for instance, carbon-neutral alcohol fuels) while developing increasingly advanced engine technologies in recent years [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Methanol Application on Carbon Emissions and Pollutant Emissions Using a Passenger Vehicle

et al. 2022

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Methanol, as a promising carbon-neutral fuel, has become a research hotspot worldwide. In this study, pure gasoline and gasoline blended with five different volume ratios of methanol (10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 75%) were selected as test fuels, which were referred to as M0, M10, M20, M30, M50, and M75. The experiments on carbon and pollutant emissions and performance were carried out on a passenger vehicle with gasoline direct injection (GDI) turbocharged engine using the steady-state, new European driving cycle (NEDC), and acceleration approaches. The results show that under steady-state conditions, as the methanol blending ratio increases, the volume of fuel consumption increases. Compared with pure gasoline, the equivalent fuel consumption and the CO2 emissions are reduced by 0.95 L/100 km (10.6%) and 18.95 g/km (9.6%) in maximum extent by fueling M75, respectively. In the NEDC, the CO2 emissions of M30 are reduced by 5.46 g/km (3.7%) compared with pure gasoline. After blending methanol in gasoline, CO emissions increase, and the emissions of NOx, THC, and PM decrease. The acceleration time is shortened with the increase of blending ratio of methanol. The application of methanol reduces the combustion CO2 emissions by 10% and improves the pollutant emissions.

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Development of extended formulations of the relative concentration of chain carrier method for knock prediction in spark-ignited internal combustion engines fueled with gaseous fuels

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer

Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer

Estudio estadístico de las desviaciones en las estimaciones del tiempo de retraso a la ignición para mezclas de H2/CH4 utilizando un código comercial y de fuente abierta

Effects of Methanol Application on Carbon Emissions and Pollutant Emissions Using a Passenger Vehicle

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