Development of environmentally and economically sustainable delamination process for spent lithium-ion batteries

Maske, Tushar; Anwani, Sandeep; Methekar, Ravi

doi:10.1080/15567036.2023.2187899

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Among the acids tested, acetic acid exhibited the least lithium leaching, and hence a higher specific capacity was observed (84.51 mAh/g). These separation results compare favourably to other separation techniques where: mineral acids achieved <84% [33], thermal treatment achieved <50% recovery of active material [34], solvent separation achieved <99% [38], and cryogenic grinding achieved <73% of cathode material recovery [40]. Oxalic acid demonstrated the highest retention of valuable transition metals when compared to the untreated end-of-life sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

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Acid-Assisted Separation of Cathodic Material from Spent Electric Vehicle Batteries for Recycling

Zorin

Song

Gastol

et al. 2023

Metals

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The recycling of lithium-ion batteries presents challenges due to the complex composition of waste streams generated by current processes. Achieving higher purity levels, particularly in the reclamation of aluminium metal and transition metal black mass, is essential for improved valorisation. In this study, we propose a high-efficiency, low-energy, and environmentally friendly method using organic acids to separate cathodic black mass from the aluminium current collector. The acids selected in this study all show >86% peeling efficiency with acetic acid showing 100% peeling efficiency of black mass from the current collector. The recovered materials were subjected to X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. We show that oxalic-acid-treated material exhibited two distinct active material components with a minimal change in mass ratio compared to the untreated material. We show by elemental analysis of the leachates that the majority of critical materials were retained in the black mass and limited aluminium was leached during the process, with almost 100% of Al recovery achieved. This methodology enables the production of high-purity concentrated aluminium and critical metal feedstocks (Mn, Co, Ni, and Li) for further hydro-metallurgical processes, upcycling of the cathode material, and direct recycling. The proposed approach offers significant potential for enhancing valorization in lithium-ion battery recycling, facilitating efficient separation and optimal recovery of valuable metals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…May not be chemistry agnostic Solvent Dissolution [36][37][38] Solvent can be recovered and reused. High recover efficiency.…”

Section: Methods Advantage Disadvantagementioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Assisted Separation of Cathodic Material from Spent Electric Vehicle Batteries for Recycling

Zorin

Song

Gastol

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The adsorption capacity (q e ) and recovery ratio (R) of HTO-P for Li + are obtained using eqn (1) and (2):…”

Section: Adsorption Process With Buffermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium, as the lightest alkali metal, is widely used in fields such as lithium batteries manufacturing, 1,2 atomic thermonuclear fusion (reaction), 3 the chemical industry, 4 pharmaceuticals. 5 However, recent interest in lithium batteries has stimulated a growth in lithium demand which has caused a shortage in supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of buffer on direct lithium extraction from Tibetan brine by formed titanium-based lithium ion sieves

Tang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

New J. Chem.

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Towards Greener Recycling: Direct Repair of Cathode Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Electrochem. Energy Rev.

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The explosive growth and widespread applications of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage, transportation and portable devices have raised significant concerns about the availability of raw materials. The quantity of spent lithium-ion batteries increases as more and more electronic devices depend on them, increasing the risk of environmental pollution. Recycling valuable metals in these used batteries is an efficient strategy to solve the shortage of raw materials and reduce environmental pollution risks. Pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and direct repair have been extensively studied to achieve these goals. The latter is considered an ideal recycling method (for lithium-ion cathode materials) due to its low cost, energy consumption, short duration and environmental friendliness, and it is nondestructive towards the cathode material itself. However, the direct repair is still in its earlier development stages, and a series of challenges must be tackled to succeed in commerce. This work summarizes the process, its effect and the mechanism of different direct repair methods. Moreover, the energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, costs and benefits of different methods will be discussed from economic and environmental perspectives. Feasible strategies are also proposed to address existing challenges, providing an insightful overview of the direct reparation of spent lithium-ion cathode materials. Graphical Abstract

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Development of environmentally and economically sustainable delamination process for spent lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Acid-Assisted Separation of Cathodic Material from Spent Electric Vehicle Batteries for Recycling

Acid-Assisted Separation of Cathodic Material from Spent Electric Vehicle Batteries for Recycling

Effect of buffer on direct lithium extraction from Tibetan brine by formed titanium-based lithium ion sieves

Towards Greener Recycling: Direct Repair of Cathode Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

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