“…Fresh fruits and vegetables can be contaminated with harmful microorganisms, which continue to be an important source of foodborne disease outbreaks. LAE has been studied as antimicrobial for treating fresh produce (Table 4), such as apples (Shen et al, 2021), strawberries (Li et al, 2021), cantaloupes (Ma et al, 2016c), bell peppers (Li et al, 2020), lettuce (Huang and Nitin, 2017;Nübling et al, 2017b), and spinach (Ruengvisesh et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2022b). As reported, the E. coli O157:H7 and L. innocua cells on lettuce leaves decreased by more than 3-log after washing with LAE solution (0.1% w/w) for 20 min with shaking at 200 rpm (Huang and Nitin, 2017).…”