Development of Electrochromic Devices

Abstract

Electrochromic devices (ECD) are systems of considerable commercial interest due to their controllable transmission, absorption and/or reflectance. For instance, these devices are mainly applied to glare attenuation in automobile rearview mirrors and also in some smart windows that can regulate the solar gains of buildings. Other possible applications of ECDs include solar cells, small- and large-area flat panel displays, and frozen food monitoring and document authentication also are of great interest. Over the past 20 years almost 1000 patents and 1500 papers in journals and proceedings have been published with the key words "electrochromic windows". Most of these documents report on materials for electrochromic devices and only some of them about complete electrochromic devices. This paper describes the first patents and some of the recent ones on ECDs, whose development is possible due to the advances in nanotechnology.

Hydroxypropyl cellulose-based gel electrolyte for electrochromic devices

“…Polyaniline is another well-known conjugated polymer for use in electrochromic application owning to good electrochemical and optical properties. [23][24][25][26] Electrochemical device with conjugated polymer, similarly to traditional one has a sandwich structure with two electrodes and an electrolyte between them [27]. The electrolyte should have appropriate counter ions that provide the neutrality of polymer film during doping as well as good conductivity [28].…”

Electrical and optical properties of spin-coated SnO2 nanofilms

“…Tin dioxide layers doped with antimony or iron ions are used in electroluminescent devices [6,7]. Doping a small amount of a transition metal (Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, V) into non-magnetic oxides could induce room temperature ferromagnetism, indicating the potential of such systems for spintronic applications [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Combinations of various semiconductors (SnO 2 , TiO 2 , ZnO) and noble metals (Ag, Au, Pd and Pt) boost photocatalytic activity by trapping photo-induced charge-carriers and improving charge transfer process [1-3, 15, 16].…”

Electrochemical and electrochromic behaviors of polyaniline-graphene oxide composites on the glass substrate/Ag nano-film electrodes prepared by vertical target pulsed laser deposition

“…The electrochromic devices (ECDs) with a wide viewing angle, low switch potential have caused the widespread concern and it can be used in the areas of camouflage materials, intelligent materials, new display devices, and so on [3][4][5][6]. The typical ECD composition is a five-layer of GS/TC/EC/IC/IS/TC/GS, where GS is a glass substrate, TC is a transparent conductor, EC is an electrochromic coating, IC is an ion conductor and IS is an ion storage coating.…”