Development of Effervescent-assisted Liquid Phase Microextraction using 1-dodecanol for Determination of Ketoprofen Drug in Water

Abstract

A rapid and straightforward method based on effervescent-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection for preconcentration of ketoprofen in water samples was developed. The extraction efficiency of ketoprofen drug was investigated using 23 central composite design. The values of optimum extraction condition were set as 300 µL volume of 1-dodecanol, three pieces of tablets, and 30°C extraction temperature. The runtime was conducted in less than 6 min using a non-polar C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase (acetonitrile: water of 40:60 (v/v)) at a controlled flow rate of 1 mL min-1. A good linear response was achieved in the range of 0.01–0.50 µg mL-1 (R2 > 0.990). Detection and quantification limits were calculated at 0.001 and 0.004 µg mL-1, respectively. The average recoveries at three spiking concentration levels were within the range of 85%–108% with RSD < 10% (n = 3). Real sample analysis was fortified using gel and standard solutions, and the calculated values were close to the actual values at 0.059 µg mL-1 (KET gel, initial concentration 0.075 µg mL-1) and 4.49 µg mL-1 (standard solution, initial concentration 5 µg mL-1), respectively.