Development of early prediction model of in-hospital cardiac arrest based on laboratory parameters

Abstract

Background In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is an acute disease with a high fatality rate that burdens individuals, society, and the economy. This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model using routine laboratory parameters to predict the risk of IHCA in rescue-treated patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined all rescue-treated patients hospitalized at the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital in Beijing, China, from January 2016 to December 2020. Five machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine, random forest, extra trees classifier (ETC), decision tree, and logistic regression algorithms, were trained to develop models for predicting IHCA. We included blood counts, biochemical markers, and coagulation markers in the model development. We validated model performance using fivefold cross-validation and used the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) for model interpretation. Results A total of 11,308 participants were included in the study, of which 7779 patients remained. Among these patients, 1796 (23.09%) cases of IHCA occurred. Among five machine learning models for predicting IHCA, the ETC algorithm exhibited better performance, with an AUC of 0.920, compared with the other four machine learning models in the fivefold cross-validation. The SHAP showed that the top ten factors accounting for cardiac arrest in rescue-treated patients are prothrombin activity, platelets, hemoglobin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, neutrophils, prothrombin time, serum albumin, sodium, activated partial thromboplastin time, and potassium. Conclusions We developed a reliable machine learning-derived model that integrates readily available laboratory parameters to predict IHCA in patients treated with rescue therapy.

Prediction of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the Intensive Care Unit: Machine Learning–Based Multimodal Approach

“…Over a 10-year duration, we identified 1935 (34.3%) IHCA cases in NTUH. In contrast to prior IHCA prediction studies, such as Kwon et al’s [ 31 ] 2.3% (n=1233) over 7 years, Chae et al’s [ 32 ] 1.3% (n=1154) over 4 years, and Ding et al’s [ 33 ] 23.09% over 5 years (n=1796), our clinical database demonstrated a higher IHCA incidence yet fewer cases [ 31-33 ]. This disparity is attributed to our ICU-focused validation database, in contrast to earlier studies that encompassed all patients who were hospitalized.…”