Development of Dummy and Injury index for NHTSA's Thoracic Side Impact Protection Research Program

Eppinger, Rolf H.; Marcus, Jeffrey H.; Morgan, Richard M.

doi:10.4271/840885

Cited by 199 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This device was designed to represent an adult thorax and matches quite well the surrogate performance guidelines developed from cadaver testing and recommended by ISO [25]. It also matches quite well the cadaver responses developed by the agency for its side impact program [26,27]. …”

Section: Adult Thoracic Surrogatementioning

confidence: 79%

Pedestrian injury reduction research: Report to the congress

1993

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Section: Adult Thoracic Surrogatementioning

confidence: 79%

Pedestrian injury reduction research: Report to the congress

1993

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Data sets available to verify the human response to impact are typically limited in numbers, and are not size or gender specific. Response (curve) scaling techniques based on simple mechanical models are classically used to normalize experimental responses for use with dummies (e.g., Eppinger et al 1984;Mertz 1984). These methods have sometimes been used to normalize a model response to a 50th percentile male corridor (e.g., analysis of a M95 model performance in Vavalle et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of human body model morphing for the assessment of abdomen responses to impact against a population of test subjects

Beillas

Berthet²

2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: Human body models have the potential to better describe the human anatomy and variability than dummies. However, data sets available to verify the human response to impact are typically limited in numbers, and they are not size or gender specific. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of model morphing methodologies within that context. Methods: In this study, a simple human model scaling methodology was developed to morph two detailed human models (Global Human Body Model Consortium models 50th male, M50, and 5th female, F05) to the dimensions of post mortem human surrogates (PMHS) used in published literature. The methodology was then successfully applied to 52 PMHS tested in 14 impact conditions loading the abdomen. The corresponding 104 simulations were compared to the responses of the PMHS and to the responses of the baseline models without scaling (28 simulations). The responses were analysed using the CORA method and peak values. Results:The results suggest that model scaling leads to an improvement of the predicted force and deflection but has more marginal effects on the predicted abdominal compressions. M50 and F05 models scaled to the same PMHS were also found to have similar external responses, but large differences were found between the two sets of models for the strain energy densities in the liver and the spleen for mid-abdomen impact simulations. These differences, which were attributed to the anatomical differences in the abdomen of the baseline models, highlight the importance of the selection of the impact condition for simulation studies, especially if the organ location is not known in the test. Conclusions: While the methodology could be further improved, it shows the feasibility of using model scaling methodologies to compare human models of different sizes and to evaluate scaling approaches within the context of human model validation.

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“…The method was first used in Eppinger et al (1984) in the development of the characteristics and injury criteria of side impact dummies. It is completely based on dimensional analysis and therefore assumes that there is geometrical and dynamic similarity between the two systems related by the scaling method.…”

Section: Mass Scaling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a first step, the method requires the normalization of the response of the subjects within each age group using the mass-scaling method proposed by Eppinger et al (1984). The anthropometrical values needed in this process were obtained from Mertz et al (2001).…”

Section: Calculation Of the Kinematic Response Of An Average Subject mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly to what had been done previously with the reanalysis of the volunteers, the methodology proposed in Lessley et al (2004) was used to estimate the response of the average subject within the 50 th percentile group and the associated kinematic corridor. The subjects were mass-scaled to a 50 th percentile size (Eppinger, 1984) before combining their individual responses. The reanalysis focused on the head, thoracic spine and pelvis with the purpose of comparing the observed PMHS kinematics with those of the volunteers and to be used in the methodologies to predict the kinematics of a 6YO that are the subject of subsequent chapters in this dissertation.…”

Section: Pmhs Kinematics In the Sagittal Plane (Xz)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanics of the Pediatric Thoracic Spine and its Role in the Kinematics of the Head in Automotive Frontal Impacts

Valdes

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A María y a Blanca.A mis padres. AbstractRoad traffic injuries are the second leading cause of death among 5-14 year-olds. Traumatic brain injuries are the most common severe injuries sustained by pediatric occupants and responsible for one third of all pediatric injury deaths. Literature shows that current pediatric Anthropomorphic Test Devices, and more specifically the Hybrid III 6-year-old (6YO), fail to predict the kinematics of the pediatric head and spine.The goal of this dissertation research is to provide corridors for the trajectories of the head and thoracic spine of a 6YO occupant in a 40 km/h frontal impact. The challenge is the absence of experimental data that can guide the development of these corridors at this speed.To overcome the dearth of pediatric kinematic data in high-speed impacts, four different data sources were combined: pediatric and adult volunteers test at 9 km/h, cadaveric tests at 9 km/h and 40 km/h, animal surrogate tests at 9 km/h and 40 km/h and in vitro bending tests of sections of the pediatric and adult thoracic spine. The results from the 9 km/h volunteer tests showed that conventional methods that scale between pediatric and adult subjects underpredicted the forward excursion of the pediatric head by 42% (SAE method) and 49% (mass scaling). Two new methods predicting the displacement of pediatric occupants were developed within this dissertation. The first one assumed conservation of energy and underpredicted the excursion of the head by 29%. The second one was based on the use of a linear timeinvariant 2D model of the occupant. The values of the effective stiffness and damping joint parameters were obtained to minimize the error between the model and the observed pediatric displacements at 9 km/h.A quasilinear viscoelastic characterization of the bending behavior of the pediatric thoracic spine was used to relate the stiffness of the upper and middle thoracic spine regions and to reduce the number of unknown joint properties in the model. The model overpredicted the forward displacement of the head (5% error) and T1 (6% error). This model was then used to predict the trajectories of a 6YO in a 40 km/h frontal impact.The assumptions made regarding the time-invariant characteristic of the model as well as the loading environment at 40 km/h were checked against the animal-surrogate and cadaveric tests. The predictions of the sagittal trajectories of the pediatric head, T1 and T8 obtained from the simulation of the model were combined to produce corridors. The limitations of the method are discussed in the dissertation.

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Development of Dummy and Injury index for NHTSA's Thoracic Side Impact Protection Research Program

Cited by 199 publications

References 11 publications

Pedestrian injury reduction research: Report to the congress

Pedestrian injury reduction research: Report to the congress

An investigation of human body model morphing for the assessment of abdomen responses to impact against a population of test subjects

Mechanics of the Pediatric Thoracic Spine and its Role in the Kinematics of the Head in Automotive Frontal Impacts

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