Development of Dry Two-Stage Low-NOx Combustor for a Gas Turbine

Kuroda, M.; Ishibashi, Yuuki; Iizuka, Norihiro; Uchiyama, Yoshitada; Sato, I.; Wada, K.; Tokunaga, K.; Hata, Takahiro

doi:10.1115/87-gt-64

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For industrial gas turbines, legislation exists for NO emissions which currently can only be met by using water injection, with an associated performance penalty. Only a few recent combustor designs have demonstrated low NO emissions close to the limits for natural gas, without water injection (2)(3)(4). Many combustor designs aimed at low emissions have been proposed (5)(6)(7), most of which have involved lean primary zones with many of the proposed designs involving swirl based systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lean Low NOx Primary Zones Using Radial Swirlers

Alkabie

Andrews

Ahmad

1988

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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Swirling flow primary zones with between 30% and 60% simulated primary zone air flow were investigated using curved blade radial swirlers. Two radial swirlers were compared with the same open area but different outlet diameters, d, giving different expansion ratios, D/d, from the swirler to the combustor diameter, D. Two combustors were used, 76 mm and 140 mm diameter, the larger one corresponding to the size of several gas turbine can combustors. There was no influence of D/d on the weak extinction. It was demonstrated that an adequate efficiency was not achieved in the weak region until there was a significant outer expansion and associated recirculation zone. It was shown that these systems with central gaseous fuel injection had good flame stability with very low NOx emissions. Propane and natural gas were compared and the NOx emissions were 50% lower with natural gas. The optimum NOx emissions, compatible with a high combustion efficiency, were close to 10 ppm NOx emissions corrected to 15% oxygen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lean Low NOx Primary Zones Using Radial Swirlers

Alkabie

Andrews

Ahmad

1988

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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“…Premixed fuel and air systems offer the lowest NOx emissions but involve major practical problems (Sotheran et al 1984). One of the major problems is that of flame stability, which may be overcome by fuel staging between a diffusion flame pilot and a premixed main burner (Becker et al 1986, Kuroda et al 1987. Two stage (rich/lean) combustion systems are also useful for reducing NOx emissions for fuels with fuel bound nitrogen (Sasaki and Itoh, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra Low NOx Emissions for Gas and Liquid Fuels Using Radial Swirlers

Alkabie

Andrews

1989

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications

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Curved blade radial swirlers using all the primary air were investigated with applications to lean burning gas turbine combustor primary zones with low NOx emissions. Two modes of fuel injection were compared, central and radial swirler pássage injection for gaseous and liquid fuels. Both fuel systems produced low NOx emissions but the upstream mixing in the swirler passages resulted in ultra low NOx emissions. A 140mm diameter atmospheric pressure combustor was used with 43% of the combustor air flow into the primary zone through the radial swirler. Radial gas composition measurements at various axial distances were made and these showed that the flame stability and NOx emissions were controlled by differences in local mixing at the base of the swirling shear layer downstream of the swirler outlet. For radial passage fuel injection it was found that a very high combustion efficiency was obtained for both propane and liquid fuels at 400K and 600K inlet temperatures. The flame stability, although worse than for central fuel injection was considerably better than for a premixed system. The NOx emissions at one bar pressure and 600K inlet temperature, compatible with a high combustion efficiency, for propane and kerosene were 3 and 6 ppm at 15% oxygen. For Gas Oil the NOx emissions were higher, but were still very low at 12ppm. Assuming a square root dependence of NOx on pressure these results indicate that NOx emissions of 48ppm for Gas Oil and less than 12ppm for gaseous fuels could be achieved at 16 bar pressure, which is typical of recent industrial gas turbines. High air flow radial swirlers with passage fuel injection have the potential for a dry solution to the NOx emissions regulations.

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