Development of Drought Indices for Semi-Arid Region Using Drought Indices Calculator (DrinC) – A Case Study from Madurai District, a Semi-Arid Region in India

Surendran, U.; Kumar, Vinod; Ramasubramoniam, S.; Raja, P.

doi:10.1007/s11269-017-1687-5

Cited by 54 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To help manage these impacts drought indicators are helpful to understand the onset of a drought and its characteristics in terms of severity, duration, and direction [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Unfortunately, there is no single indicator or index that can precisely describe the onset and severity of a drought [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation into the Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Meteorological Drought in Jordan

Adaileh

Qinna

Barta

et al. 2019

Climate

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Following the impact of droughts witnessed during the last decade there is an urgent need to develop a drought management strategy, policy framework, and action plan for Jordan. This study aims to provide a historical baseline using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and meteorological drought maps, and to investigate the spatial and temporal trends using long-term historical precipitation records. Specifically, this study is based on the statistical analysis of 38 years of monthly rainfall data, gathered from all 29 meteorological stations that cover Jordan. The Mann–Kendall test and linear regression analysis were used to uncover evidence of long-term trends in precipitation. Drought indices were used for calculating the meteorological SPI on an annual (SPI12), 6-months (SPI6), and 3-months basis (SPI3). At each level, every drought event was characterized according to its duration, interval, and intensity. Then, drought maps were generated using interpolation kriging to investigate the spatial extent of drought events, while drought patterns were temporally characterized using multilinear regression and spatial grouped using the hierarchical clustering technique. Both annual and monthly trend analyses and the Mann–Kendall test indicated significant reduction of precipitation in time for all weather stations except for Madaba. The rate of decrease is estimated at approximately 1.8 mm/year for the whole country. The spatial SPI krig maps that were generated suggest the presence of two drought types in the spatial dimension: Local and national. Local droughts reveal no actual observed trends or repeatable patterns of occurrence. However, looking at meteorological droughts across all time scales indicated that Jordan is facing an increasing number of local droughts. With a probability of occurrence of once every two years to three years. On the other hand, extreme national droughts occur once every 15 to 20 years and last for two or more consecutive years. Linear trends indicated significant increase in drought magnitude by time with a rate of 0.02 (p < 0.0001). Regression analysis indicated that draught in Jordan is time dependent (p < 0.001) rather than being spatially dependent (p > 0.99). Hierarchical clustering was able to group national draughts into three zones, namely the northern zone, the eastern zone, and the southern zone. This study highlights the urgent need for a monitoring program to investigate local and national drought impacts on all sectors, as well as the development of a set of proactive risk management measures and preparedness plans for various physiographic regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation into the Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Meteorological Drought in Jordan

Adaileh

Qinna

Barta

et al. 2019

Climate

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“…Combat to the stress, plants have evolved a sophisticated physiological and molecular networks. Drought is a severe environmental factor that significantly restricts the plant growth and productivity ( Surendran et al, 2017 ). Drought stress causes changes in the cell membrane, osmolytes accumulation, inhibit photosynthesis traits, decrease biomass production and yield components in crop plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor, MuWRKY3 (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Verdc.) Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Plants

et al. 2018

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Drought stress has adverse effects on growth, water relations, photosynthesis and yield of groundnut. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are the plant-specific TFs which regulate several down-stream stress-responsive genes and play an essential role in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. We found that WRKY3 gene is highly up-regulated under drought stress conditions and therefore isolated a new WRKY3TF gene from a drought-adapted horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Verdc.). Conserved domain studies revealed that protein encoded by this gene contains highly conserved regions of two WRKY domains and two C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. The fusion protein localization studies of transient MuWRKY3-YFP revealed its nuclear localization. Overexpression of MuWRKY3 TF gene in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) showed increased tolerance to drought stress compared to wild-type (WT) plants. MuWRKY3 groundnut transgenics displayed lesser and delayed wilting symptoms than WT plants after 10-days of drought stress imposition. The transgenic groundnut plants expressing MuWRKY3 showed less accumulation of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2∙-), accompanied by more free proline, total soluble sugar content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes than WT plants under drought stress. Moreover, a series of stress-related LEA, HSP, MIPS, APX, SOD, and CAT genes found up-regulated in the transgenic groundnut plants. The study demonstrates that nuclear-localized MuWRKY3 TF regulates the expression of stress-responsive genes and the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes which results in improved drought tolerance in groundnut. We conclude that MuWRKY3 may serve as a new putative candidate gene for the improvement of stress resistance in plants.

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“…The rising flood events were primarily derived from an increase in builtup cover by ∼21% and a decline in open and green spaces by 3.7 and 5.8%, respectively. Besides this, yet in other studies on recurrent droughts, Surendran et al (2017) demonstrated that the Madurai region witnessed 20 years of drought in the last 100 years, wherein the drought events remained cyclic occurring almost every 3-7 years. Furthermore, their study identified seven events of droughts since the 1970s, thereby signifying the need for devising strategic preparedness plans to combat droughts.…”

Section: Analyzing Seasonal Rainfall Fluctuations and Their Impacts On Madurai Citymentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Issues complicated further due to drought conditions occurring during monsoonal seasons and floods during the non-monsoonal seasons. Past researches have validated the interviewee's experience regarding the recurrent phenomena of alternate flood and drought events and their severe impacts on water supply-demand aspects in Madurai (Surendran et al, 2017;Tauhid and Zawani, 2018;Avashia and Garg, 2020). In general, the local communities and tank users were found informed about short-term weather changes and the long-term influence of climate change on their water resources systems.…”

Section: Findings From Qualitative Surveys and Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Revival of Traditional Cascade Tanks for Achieving Climate Resilience in Drylands of South India

Chinnasamy

Srivastava

2021

Front. Water

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Traditional tanks in arid regions of India have been working to address water demands of the public for more than 2000 years. However, recent decade is witnessing growing domestic and agricultural water demand coupled with rising encroachment and ignorance toward tanks; consequently, intensifying water shortage issues. While climate change is impacting at alarming rates, local agencies have forgotten these tanks that have aided in sustainable water supply solutions for decades apart from municipal water supply. This research, for the first time, estimates water supply-demand for an arid region in South India (Madurai) and lists out the benefits if tanks were managed and desilted. Exploratory investigations for documenting seasonal domestic and agricultural unmet water demand were conducted followed by their validation through ground-truthing across the study period 2002–2019. Results indicated high unmet domestic water demand, estimating ~73% [maximum 365 thousand cubic meters (TCM)] for summer (March to May) and ~33% (maximum 149 TCM) for winter (January and February), and high unmet agricultural water demand estimating ~90% (maximum 5,424 TCM) during North-East monsoon (October to December), and ~95% (maximum 5,161 TCM) during South-West monsoon (June to September). Erratic rainfall pattern was identified as a major cause for higher fluctuations in water availability inside tanks ranging 0–50%, while lack of ownership resulted in increased siltation load ranging 30–70% of the tank's volume. The study found that the major portion of the unmet water demand can be accounted for through rehabilitation of the tanks, as under the rehabilitated tank irrigation scenario the tank storage could attain 200–400% more water than the estimated agricultural water demand. It was concluded that if the cascade tanks were managed appropriately, they could have positive impacts by reducing floods and providing water for drought seasons.

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Development of Drought Indices for Semi-Arid Region Using Drought Indices Calculator (DrinC) – A Case Study from Madurai District, a Semi-Arid Region in India

Cited by 54 publications

References 19 publications

An Investigation into the Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Meteorological Drought in Jordan

An Investigation into the Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Meteorological Drought in Jordan

A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor, MuWRKY3 (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Verdc.) Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Plants

Revival of Traditional Cascade Tanks for Achieving Climate Resilience in Drylands of South India

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