“…When doped with cerium, the optical and X-ray luminescence properties exhibit the same d-f transitions previously reported, where a slight red shift is observed due to the silica core's X-ray luminescence. 12 Both the terbium and europium doped particulates were excited at their optimal excitation wavelength of 250 nm. Terbium doped YPS particulates exhibits four photoluminescence peaks at 493 nm, 542 nm, 590 nm, and 623 nm corresponding to the electron relaxation from 5 D 4 state to the 7 F 6 , 7 F 5 , 7 F 4 , and 7 F 3 states respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sodium bicarboante (2.51 mmol, 211 mg) was dissolved in 60 mL of water and titrated into to reaction vessel and stirred for 1 h. The HTMcR process was scaled to accommodate 125 mg of the core-shell particulates as previously reported. 12 The various doped YPS/ pDVB particulates were annealed at 1100 °C for 18 h under nitrogen environment followed by combustion at 800 °C for 1 h.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Ypsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…11 A technique termed the “high temperature multi-composite reactor” (HTMcR) was developed to accommodate the synthesis of nanoscintillators that requires extreme temperatures (>1000 °C) to create highly crystalline particulates while preventing aggregation of the nanoparticles. 12 This technique was used to synthesize yttrium pyrosilicate (Y 2 Si 2 O 7 , YPS) and lutetium pyrosilicate (Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 , LPS), both of which were doped with cerium, to generate a blue emission when exposed to X-ray radiation. Depending on the application, both YPS and LPS can host a multitude of other rare earth emitters that can exhibit emissions at different wavelengths.…”
A series of multi-doped yttrium pyrosilicate (YPS) nanoparticles were synthesized using a high temperature multi-composite reactor, and used to explore the radioluminescent that have potential for biological applications. The luminescent...
“…When doped with cerium, the optical and X-ray luminescence properties exhibit the same d-f transitions previously reported, where a slight red shift is observed due to the silica core's X-ray luminescence. 12 Both the terbium and europium doped particulates were excited at their optimal excitation wavelength of 250 nm. Terbium doped YPS particulates exhibits four photoluminescence peaks at 493 nm, 542 nm, 590 nm, and 623 nm corresponding to the electron relaxation from 5 D 4 state to the 7 F 6 , 7 F 5 , 7 F 4 , and 7 F 3 states respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sodium bicarboante (2.51 mmol, 211 mg) was dissolved in 60 mL of water and titrated into to reaction vessel and stirred for 1 h. The HTMcR process was scaled to accommodate 125 mg of the core-shell particulates as previously reported. 12 The various doped YPS/ pDVB particulates were annealed at 1100 °C for 18 h under nitrogen environment followed by combustion at 800 °C for 1 h.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Ypsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…11 A technique termed the “high temperature multi-composite reactor” (HTMcR) was developed to accommodate the synthesis of nanoscintillators that requires extreme temperatures (>1000 °C) to create highly crystalline particulates while preventing aggregation of the nanoparticles. 12 This technique was used to synthesize yttrium pyrosilicate (Y 2 Si 2 O 7 , YPS) and lutetium pyrosilicate (Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 , LPS), both of which were doped with cerium, to generate a blue emission when exposed to X-ray radiation. Depending on the application, both YPS and LPS can host a multitude of other rare earth emitters that can exhibit emissions at different wavelengths.…”
A series of multi-doped yttrium pyrosilicate (YPS) nanoparticles were synthesized using a high temperature multi-composite reactor, and used to explore the radioluminescent that have potential for biological applications. The luminescent...
“…This interaction can generate Cerenkov radiation, interact with scintillators, and induce fluorescence, phosphorescence, and luminescence. Nanoparticles have several biomedical applications, including phototherapy, drug delivery, radiotherapy monitoring imaging, and molecular imaging [50,51].…”
Injectable colloidal solutions of lanthanide oxides (nanoparticles between 10 and 100 nm in size) have demonstrated high biocompatibility and no toxicity when the nanoparticulate units are functionalized with specific biomolecules that molecularly target various proteins in the tumor microenvironment. Among the proteins successfully targeted by functionalized lanthanide nanoparticles are folic receptors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and integrins associated with tumor neovasculature. Lutetium, samarium, europium, holmium, and terbium, either as lanthanide oxide nanoparticles or as nanoparticles doped with lanthanide ions, have demonstrated their theranostic potential through their ability to generate molecular images by magnetic resonance, nuclear, optical, or computed tomography imaging. Likewise, photodynamic therapy, targeted radiotherapy (neutron-activated nanoparticles), drug delivery guidance, and image-guided tumor therapy are some examples of their potential therapeutic applications. This review provides an overview of cancer theranostics based on lanthanide nanoparticles coated with specific peptides, ligands, and proteins targeting the tumor microenvironment.
A proof of principle study toward developing a novel methodology which could be applicable for a non-invasive monitoring of the release of cargo molecules from therapeutic and diagnostic nanoparticles, as well as for possible monitoring of tissue pH variations. This was achieved by quantifying changes in longitudinal relaxation time (T1) before and after the pH-responsive release of contrast agents, for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), from the pores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The pores were filled with the FDA-approved contrast agent Gadobutrol (GdB), and its retention inside the pores ensured by covalent attachment of β-cyclodextrin monoaldehyde to hydrazine-functionalized MSN, through acidification-cleavable hydrazone linkage. The release kinetics of GdB was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy which revealed that the release of the contrast agent was enhanced at pH 5.0 in comparison to the release at pH 6.0 and 7.4. Furthermore, the changes in T1, occurring in response to the enhanced release of GdB from the pores of MSN at weakly acidic conditions, were successfully demonstrated by MRI measurements. It is envisioned that this approach using contrast agent-loaded nanoparticles before the treatment with the drug-filled analogs, could be applied in the future for tracking the locations and efficacies of nanomedicines for therapeutic cargo delivery.
Graphical Abstract
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