Development of disorder-specific normative data for growth in children with cerebral palsy

Egenolf, Philipp; Duran, İbrahim; Stark, Christina; Martakis, Κyriakos; Hamacher, Stefanie; Schöenau, Eckhard; Semler, Oliver

doi:10.1007/s00431-019-03360-5

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(iii) It is established that children with CP grow differently than children without CP; thus, comparing their growth with the normative curve/general child population could underestimate their nutritional status and overestimate the burden of malnutrition [33][34][35]. It is therefore recommended to compare their anthropometric measurements with CPspecific growth charts [36,37]. However, in LMICs like ours, no CP-specific growth curves are available to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Malnutrition among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Global LMIC CP Register

Jahan

Muhit

Hardianto³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Background: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of malnutrition among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Data from children with confirmed CP aged <18 years registered into the Global LMIC CP Register (GLM CPR) from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, and Ghana were included. Anthropometric measurements were collected, and nutritional status was determined following the WHO guidelines. Descriptive statistics and adjusted logistic regression were used to describe the nutritional status and identify predictors of malnutrition. Results: Between January 2015 and December 2020, 3619 children with CP were registered into the GLM CPR (median age at assessment: 7.0 years, 39% female). Overall, 72–98% of children from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, and Ghana had at least one form of undernutrition. The adjusted analysis showed, older age, low maternal education, spastic tri/quadriplegia, and Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels III–V were significant predictors of underweight and stunting among children with CP in Bangladesh. In Nepal, female children, GMFCS III–V had higher odds of underweight and stunting. In Ghana, low maternal education was significantly associated with underweight, whereas older age and the presence of associated impairments were the significant predictors of stunting among children with CP. Having a GMFCS of III–V increased the odds of being underweight among children in Indonesia; however, no predictors were identified for stunting, as nearly all children with CP registered from Indonesia were stunted. Conclusion: Most children with CP in GLM CPR had undernutrition. Maternal education and moderate-to-severe motor impairment (GMFCS III–V) were significant predictors. Practical nutrition education to mothers/caregivers and management guidelines according to the motor severity using local resources could improve the nutritional outcome of children with CP in LMICs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Malnutrition among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Global LMIC CP Register

Jahan

Muhit

Hardianto³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Рост этих детей не следует сравнивать с ростом здорового населения. Графики роста здоровых детей, как правило, переоценивают недостаточный вес (по таблицам центилей здоровых детей количество больных ДЦП с недостаточным весом больше) [45,[54][55][56].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…P. Egenolf et al (2019) разработали систему процентилей роста для европеоидных детей с церебральным параличом в зависимости от степени нарушения двигательной функции [56]. По результатам исследования этих авторов, рост пациентов с ДЦП был значительно меньше, чем у здоровый детей европеоидной расы, и эта разница увеличивалась с ухудшением двигательной активности.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Day и J. Brooks в США [57][58][59]. В большей степени это касалось детей с уровнями нарушений GMFCS IV и V [56]. Различия в росте европеоидных пациентов с ДЦП и пациентов с ДЦП из США могут быть обусловлены этническими особенностями.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Различия в росте европеоидных пациентов с ДЦП и пациентов с ДЦП из США могут быть обусловлены этническими особенностями. Так, показатели роста в таблицах центилей здоровых детей были выше у представителей европеоидной расы [56], чем в исследованиях S.M. Day и J. Brooks (США), в которых этнический состав населения отличался смешанным характером [57][58][59].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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The current view on the body mass and body mass index of children with spine deformity due to cerebral palsy: a systematic review

Щурова

Николаевна²,

Рябых

et al. 2020

Pediatr Traum Orthop Reconstr Surg

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Background. Currently, several authors believe that one of the main risk factors for the development of postoperative complications after surgical correction of scoliosis due to cerebral palsy (CP) is the body weight, changes in it, and the body mass index (BMI). However, a unified approach for the analysis of these indicators in children with CP remains unclear. Aim. Analysis of the available data in the modern literature on the issues of body mass and BMI in children with spine deformity due to CP. Materials and methods. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in open electronic databases of the scientific literature PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, eLIBRARY, Russian Index of Scientific Citation (RISC), and bibliography of key articles. The criteria of inclusion were systematic reviews, meta-analyses, multicenter studies, controlled cohort studies, uncontrolled cohort studies of children with spine deformities due to CP, and age of the CP patient 20 years. The criteria of exclusion were clinical cases, observations, materials of conferences, the patients age 20 years, and neuromuscular scoliosis of another etiology. Results. The review primarily included 156 articles with the publication date of 19902020. Among them, 25 publications met the following criteria of inclusion: 3 systematic reviews and meta-analysis, 3 population studies, 1 multicenter study, 11 controlled cohort studies, 6 uncontrolled cohort studies, and 1 case-control study. Conclusion. Body mass and BMI correlate with the functional activities of children with scoliosis due to CP. GMFCS stratified growth graphs of children with CP are the most appropriate reference indicators for assessing body mass and BMI of children with CP. Underweight body and low BMI (below the 10th percentile) are important factors that contribute to high risk of complications after scoliosis surgical correction. In the future, it will be necessary to develop national special centile tables for the optimal assessment of the anthropometric indicators in children with CP.

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Low skeletal muscle mass and liver fibrosis in children with cerebral palsy

Naume,

Jørgensen,

Høi-Hansen

et al. 2023

Eur J Pediatr

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The purpose of the study was to conduct a nutritional and metabolic assessment of children with cerebral palsy, including an investigation of liver status, body composition, and bone mineral density. In this cross-sectional study we included 22 children with cerebral palsy. By using ultrasound, transient elastography, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and a three-day diet registration, the nutritional and metabolic status was evaluated. Liver fibrosis and steatosis were found in four patients (18.2%), all with severe motor impairments, low skeletal muscle mass, and epilepsy. All patients with liver involvement had normal liver-related blood samples. Decreased bone mineral density was found in 26.3%, and 91.0% had low skeletal muscle mass. Fat mass and muscle mass were significantly lower in the patients with severe motor impairments compared to the patients with less severe motor impairments. Within the children classified as ‘underweight’ or ‘normal’ according to body mass index, body fat determined by DXA scan was normal or high in 50% of these patients.Conclusions: This study is the first to report liver fibrosis and steatosis in children with cerebral palsy. Possible causes of liver fibrosis and/or steatosis are altered body composition with low skeletal muscle mass, decreased mobility and medical drug intake. Further investigations of liver involvement and risk factors are needed. What is Known:• Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy are at risk of malnutrition and altered body composition, both of which can lead to fatty liver disease.• It is unknown whether children with cerebral palsy are at increased risk of metabolic disturbances such as fatty liver disease. What is New:• Altered body composition and low skeletal muscle mass, regardless of ambulation is present in 91% of the children with cerebral palsy.• Liver fibrosis and/or steatosis were found in 18.2% of the patients. Possible causes are altered body composition, decreased mobility and medical drug intake.

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Development of disorder-specific normative data for growth in children with cerebral palsy

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Epidemiology of Malnutrition among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Global LMIC CP Register

Epidemiology of Malnutrition among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Global LMIC CP Register

The current view on the body mass and body mass index of children with spine deformity due to cerebral palsy: a systematic review

Low skeletal muscle mass and liver fibrosis in children with cerebral palsy

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