Development of different diagnostic techniques for <i>Endolimax piscium</i> (archamoebae) and their applicability in <i>Solea senegalensis</i> clinical samples

Constenla, María; Padrós, Francesc; Pozo, R. del; Palenzuela, Oswaldo

doi:10.1111/jfd.12480

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…A panel of 32 samples was chosen representing individuals with assorted infection status as determined by the results of the histopathological examination, including individuals in which few or no microsporidian spores were detected with CW. The ISH procedure was carried out with these probes as described previously for other fish parasites (Constenla, Padros, Pozo, & Palenzuela, 2016;Cuadrado et al, 2007;Palenzuela & Bartholomew, 2002), with some modifications. Deparaffinized and hydrated sections were treated with 15 µg ml −1 proteinase K (45 min at 37°C).…”

Section: Enterospora Nucleophila Probe Design and In Situ Hybridizati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the intranuclear microsporidian Enterospora nucleophila in gilthead sea bream by in situ hybridization

Ahmed

Caffara

Sitjà‐Bobadilla

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Enterospora nucleophila is an intranuclear microsporidian responsible for emaciative microsporidiosis of gilthead sea bream (GSB). Its minute size and cryptic nature make it easily misdiagnosed. An in situ hybridization (ISH) technique based on antisense oligonucleotide probes specific for the parasite was developed and used in clinically infected GSB in combination with calcofluor white stain (CW) and other histopathological techniques. The ISH method was found to label very conspicuously the cells containing parasite stages, with the signal concentrating in merogonial and sporogonial plasmodia within the infected cell nuclei. Comparison with CW demonstrated limited ISH signal in cells containing mature spores, which was attributed mostly to the scarcity of probe targets present in these stages. Although spores were detected in other organs of the digestive system as well as in the peripheral blood, proliferative stages or parasite reservoirs were not found in this work outside the intestines. The study demonstrated a frequent disassociation between the presence of abundant spores and the intensity of the infections as determined by the parasite activity. The ISH allows confirmatory diagnosis of GSB microsporidiosis and estimation of infection intensity and will be a valuable tool for a more precise determination of parasite dissemination pathways and pathogeny mechanisms.

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Section: Enterospora Nucleophila Probe Design and In Situ Hybridizati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the intranuclear microsporidian Enterospora nucleophila in gilthead sea bream by in situ hybridization

Ahmed

Caffara

Sitjà‐Bobadilla

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Horizontal transmission of Endolimax piscium, causative agent of systemic amoebiasis in Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis

Constenla

Padrós²,

Villanueva-González³

et al. 2018

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Systemic amoebiasis of Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis is caused by Endolimax piscium Constenla, Padrós & Palenzuela, 2014 a cryptic parasitic member of the Archamoebae whose epidemiology is yet unknown. To test whether the parasite can be transmitted horizontally, an experimental trial by cohabitation between non-infected and infected fish was designed. Transmission of the parasite from naturally infected to healthy fish was confirmed in the experiment, with the water as the most likely route of infection. Under the conditions of the study, the infection process was remarkably slow, as parasites could be detected by in situ hybridization within the intestinal mucosa of recipient fish only after 17 wk of cohabitation, and none of the new hosts displayed clinical signs of disease. Long prepatent period and the need for additional triggering factors for the development of the clinical condition are suggested. The intestinal mucosa is proposed as the tissue where the amoeba can survive as endocommensal, but also as an invasion route from which the parasite would disperse to other organs.

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Diseases Caused by Amoebae in Fish: An Overview

Padrós

Constenla

2021

Animals

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Parasitic and amphizoic amoebae are ubiquitous and can affect a huge variety of hosts, from invertebrates to humans, and fish are not an exception. Most of the relationships between amoebae and fish are based on four different types: ectocommensals, ectoparasites, endocommensals and endoparasites, although the lines between them are not always clear. As ectocommensals, they are located specially on the gills and particularly the amphizoic Neoparamoeba perurans is the most relevant species, being a real pathogenic parasite in farmed salmon. It causes amoebic gill disease, which causes a progressive hyperplasia of epithelial cells in the gill filaments and lamellae. Nodular gill disease is its analogue in freshwater fish but the causative agent is still not clear, although several amoebae have been identified associated to the lesions. Other species have been described in different fish species, affecting not only gills but also other organs, even internal ones. In some cases, species of the genera Naegleria or Acanthamoeba, which also contain pathogenic species affecting humans, are usually described affecting freshwater fish species. As endocommensals, Entamoebae species have been described in the digestive tract of freshwater and marine fish species, but Endolimax nana can reach other organs and cause systemic infections in farmed Solea senegalensis. Other systemic infections caused by amoebae are usually described in wild fish, although in most cases these are isolated cases without clinical signs or significance.

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Development of different diagnostic techniques for Endolimax piscium (archamoebae) and their applicability in Solea senegalensis clinical samples

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Detection of the intranuclear microsporidian Enterospora nucleophila in gilthead sea bream by in situ hybridization

Detection of the intranuclear microsporidian Enterospora nucleophila in gilthead sea bream by in situ hybridization

Horizontal transmission of Endolimax piscium, causative agent of systemic amoebiasis in Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis

Diseases Caused by Amoebae in Fish: An Overview

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