Development of different comprehensive two dimensional systems for the separation of phenolic antioxidants

Abstract

Three different comprehensive 2-D HPLC systems for the separation of phenolic antioxidants have been developed on the basis of different selectivities of a PEG-silica column in the first dimension and a packed or monolithic C18 or a ZR-CARBON column, respectively, in the second dimension. Two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography using a serially connected short PEG-silica column and a conventional C18-silica or a ZR-CARBON column in the second dimension was tested to improve the resolution of the earlier eluting compounds in the first dimension. Various types of interface were used to connect the columns in the first and in the second dimension: i) two injection sampling loops of 100 microL in conventional arrangement; ii) a 10-port 2-position valve equipped with two trapping X-Terra columns instead of loops; and iii) two analytical D2 columns in parallel. The mobile phase in the first dimension has a lower elution strength than in the second dimension, allowing band compression of the solutes transferred from the first to the second dimension. This effect was enhanced using trapping columns instead of sampling loops as the interface between the two dimensions, thus allowing a decrease in the time of analysis. These systems were used for the analysis of beer samples. The relative location of the components in the 2-D retention plane varied in relation to their chemical structure in each instrumental set-up and allowed positive peak identification.

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic analysis of anthocyanins

“…The same separation mode may be applied in both the dimensions, as is the case with RP-LC×RP-LC, which has been demonstrated by Mondello and co-workers [144,151,153,156]. These authors performed on-…”

“…Various combinations of modes such as have been applied to the analysis phenolic compounds in a wide variety of samples, including NP-LC×RP-LC [146][147][148], HILIC×RP-LC [130,137,138,149,150] and RP-LC×RP-LC [144,[151][152][153][154][155][156]. The same separation mode may be applied in both the dimensions, as is the case with RP-LC×RP-LC, which has been demonstrated by Mondello and co-workers [144,151,153,156].…”

Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

“…On the one hand, for NP  RP separation of carotenoids, either silica or cyanopropyl (CN) stationary phases have been investigated (Dugo et al , 2008d(Dugo et al ,e, 2009cCacciola et al, 2012Cacciola et al, , 2016a, whereas for triacylglycerol (TAG) separation, an Ag  RP combination turned out to be useful for this task Dugo et al, 2006b,c;Van der Klift et al, 2008;Hu et al, 2013;Wei et al, , 2015Costa et al, 2015;. On the other hand, for RP  RP separation of phenolic antioxidants, the effect of several stationary phase chemistries (C8, C18, CN, Diol, F 5 , NH 2 , PEG, Phenyl, RPAmide, and other laboratory-made stationary phases) on the separation selectivity and resolution has been investigated (Blahovà et al, 2006;Cacciola et al, 2006Cacciola et al, , 2007aCacciola et al, ,b,c, 2011Hyilompolo, 2007, 2008;Pol et al, 2007, Pol andDugo et al, 2008cDugo et al, , 2009aJandera et al, 2008aJandera et al, ,b, 2012Hájek et al, 2008Cesla et al, 2009;Kalili and de Villiers, 2009, 2013aZhou et al, 2009;Russo et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2012;Hájek and Jandera, 2012;Kalili et al 2013Kalili et al , 2014Montero et al, 2013aMontero et al, ,b, 2014Montero et al, , 2016aKrol-Kogus et al, 2014;Krauze-Baranowska et al, 2014;Leme et al, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2014;…”

Application of Fused-Core Particle Column in Two Dimensional Reversed Phase - Reversed Phase LC/MS Analysis of Biological Samples. Impact of Extra-Column Volume

“…This mandates special requirements for the HPLC pump. In addition, transfer of the analyte from the first dimension to the second UHPLC dimension can only be accomplished via online collection loop(s) [9], because trap column(s) between the first and second dimension, as well as the first dimension column, are not designed to tolerate such high pressures, generated by the second dimension. The column-switching valve between the first and second dimension, as well as trap column hardware, should have a 800-1000 Bar pressure limit, which increases system cost and limits available options.…”