Development of Designing Criteria in Children’s Urban Play Space in Iran- Review of Literature

Abstract

One of the most significant issues related to urban public design is considering outdoor spaces for children to play. Children need to see their environment as a part of their life and learn to protect it. Furthermore, they develop social, emotional, and physical skills by playing outdoors. In some developing countries such as Iran, limited knowledge exists about the state of outdoor play areas for children in cities. This study highlights the need for planners and other land managers to consider the critical importance of the urban environment for play activities of children and its current status in Iran. Literature, studies, opinions and ideas on the value of play and outdoors for children in cities and the limitations of their outdoor play is explored; the issues and points obtained from the literature are analyzed. And the need for further research with children and rethinking for the allocation and design of children's open space in Tehran is highlighted. Consequently, the criteria to consider children's play spaces in city of Tehran are proposed. Accessibility, local government involvement, knowledge sharing, appropriate playground design and accounting on children's voice and view in design process are some criteria which are recommended to promote children's open space and outdoor play area in Tehran.

Youth in Vertical Housing Neighbourhood Space: A Focus Group Discussion

“…The availability of space has influenced user behaviour, physical activity and social interaction. As stated by Marouf, N. et al (2015), ''youth have fewer chances for outdoor activities due to increasing of variety technology upon communication, loss of outdoor space due to infrastructure demand and indoor activities trend of interest due to current working hour scenario (Vilhelmson, B., Thulin, E., & Elldér, E., 2017). This is evident with the rapid economic development and industrial construction in many emerging industrialized countries, particularly in Asia big cities.…”

“…The involvement of all individual should not be marginalised by another group of people especially the adolescent just because the adults did not care about these groups' livelihood (Crean, 2012) and the culture does not suit on nowadays youth lifestyle (Yespanove, D et al, 2014). This group was marginalized as they faced problem in accessing the space and facility because of unavailable and insufficiency (Marouf, N. et al, 2015). The neighbourhood space should be allocated strategically to serve better accessibility and encourage people to get actively socialise because youth lived in this vertical housing preferring more enjoyable inside the house (Sherry, C., 2017) as space and facility were not adequate (Hilber, C.A., 2015) neither available for them.…”

Focus Group Discussion on Youth Participation in Vertical Housing Neighbourhood Space

“…The availability of space has influenced user behaviour, physical activity and social interaction. As stated by Marouf, N. et al (2015), ''youth have fewer chances for outdoor activities due to increasing of variety technology upon communication, loss of outdoor space due to infrastructure demand and indoor activities trend of interest due to current working hour scenario (Vilhelmson, B., Thulin, E., & Elldér, E., 2017). This is evident in the rapid economic development and industrial construction in many emerging industrialized countries, particularly in Asia big cities.…”

The cost risk implementation on design-build project of integrated public spaces child friendly in capital of Jakarta

“…The open green space other than as an environmental means can also serve for the protection of certain habitats or agricultural cultivation and also to improve atmospheric quality, the open green space aims to maintain the availability of land as water catchment areas [19]. In order to realize the commitment, the Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta guarantees the fulfillment of green open spaces and means of fulfilling the right of the child so that the child lives, grows, develops and participates optimally in accordance with human dignity and pride and gets protection from violence and discrimination, Child Friendly (RPTRA) [13] as an effort to support Jakarta into a city worthy of children.…”

“…The more green space available, can improve responsiveness and public health, and the environment is more desirable. [19] Based on Jakarta Provincial Regulation No. 1 of 2014 about the detailed spatial plan (RDTR) and zoning regulations (PZ).…”