Development of Derivative Ratio Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Copper β-resorcylate, Lead β-resorcylate, and Lead Oxide in Double base Propellants
“…Therefore, the effect of ionic strength was considered as an important parameter to study and carried out by the addition of different concentrations of NaNO 3 solutions to the well cells in the range between 0.01 and 0.75 mol L −1 . As can be seen from Figure 3, the alteration of ionic strength had practically no influence on the stability of the Cu-DDTC complex and consequently on the net colorimetric signal in the range between 0.01 and 0.75 mol L −1 , which is in agreement with previous reports [38]. Additionally, these findings show that the proposed method is suitable for the detection of copper ions in samples with high ionic strength, such as seawater samples, and also prove the robustness of the method to important changes such as the effect of salinity.…”
This study reports a new approach for the determination of copper ions in water samples that exploits the complexation reaction with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and uses widely available imaging devices (i.e., flatbed scanners or smartphones) as detectors. Specifically, the proposed approach is based on the ability of DDTC to bind to copper ions and form a stable Cu-DDTC complex with a distinctive yellow color detected with the camera of a smartphone in a 96-well plate. The color intensity of the formed complex is linearly proportional to the concentration of copper ions, resulting in its accurate colorimetric determination. The proposed analytical procedure for the determination of Cu2+ was easy to perform, rapid, and applicable with inexpensive and commercially available materials and reagents. Many parameters related to such an analytical determination were optimized, and a study of interfering ions present in the water samples was also carried out. Additionally, even low copper levels could be noticed by the naked eye. The assay performed was successfully applied to the determination of Cu2+ in river, tap, and bottled water samples with detection limits as low as 1.4 µM, good recoveries (89.0–109.6%), adequate reproducibility (0.6–6.1%), and high selectivity over other ions present in the water samples.
“…Therefore, the effect of ionic strength was considered as an important parameter to study and carried out by the addition of different concentrations of NaNO 3 solutions to the well cells in the range between 0.01 and 0.75 mol L −1 . As can be seen from Figure 3, the alteration of ionic strength had practically no influence on the stability of the Cu-DDTC complex and consequently on the net colorimetric signal in the range between 0.01 and 0.75 mol L −1 , which is in agreement with previous reports [38]. Additionally, these findings show that the proposed method is suitable for the detection of copper ions in samples with high ionic strength, such as seawater samples, and also prove the robustness of the method to important changes such as the effect of salinity.…”
This study reports a new approach for the determination of copper ions in water samples that exploits the complexation reaction with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and uses widely available imaging devices (i.e., flatbed scanners or smartphones) as detectors. Specifically, the proposed approach is based on the ability of DDTC to bind to copper ions and form a stable Cu-DDTC complex with a distinctive yellow color detected with the camera of a smartphone in a 96-well plate. The color intensity of the formed complex is linearly proportional to the concentration of copper ions, resulting in its accurate colorimetric determination. The proposed analytical procedure for the determination of Cu2+ was easy to perform, rapid, and applicable with inexpensive and commercially available materials and reagents. Many parameters related to such an analytical determination were optimized, and a study of interfering ions present in the water samples was also carried out. Additionally, even low copper levels could be noticed by the naked eye. The assay performed was successfully applied to the determination of Cu2+ in river, tap, and bottled water samples with detection limits as low as 1.4 µM, good recoveries (89.0–109.6%), adequate reproducibility (0.6–6.1%), and high selectivity over other ions present in the water samples.
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