Development of denitrification in semi-automated moving bed biofilm reactors operated in a marine recirculating aquaculture system

Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Ernst, Anneliese; Steinbach, C.; Wagner, Kai; Waller, Uwe

doi:10.1007/s10499-019-00402-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Processes 2021, 9, 1183 2 of 12 NO 3 − -N L −1 (seawater) are recommended to avoid adverse effects in fish [11]. Specific denitrification compartments, where the biological conversion of NO 3 to nitrogen gas (N 2 ) occurs, are not always present in RAS, as denitrification is an inherently unstable process that can lead to the creation and accumulation of intermediate substances (e.g., NO 2 -, NO and N 2 O) that can be toxic to fish and harmful to the environment [13,14]. Consequently, most of the current RAS are partial RAS, only using nitrification steps and requiring >10% water exchange per day in order to avoid the accumulation of NO 3 -.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater on Anammox Performance and Community Structure

et al. 2021

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Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are good candidates for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector. A current limitation of RAS is the production and accumulation of nitrogenous waste, which could affect fish health. We investigated the potential of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process to treat marine wastewater from a cold-water RAS. We show that the marine anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua is a promising candidate. However, its activity was affected by unknown compounds in the RAS wastewater and/or the sub-optimum of essential trace elements (TEs). Anammox activity dropped to 2% and 13% in NH4+ and NO2- removal, respectively, when nitrate-rich RAS wastewater was used as a medium in the absence of TE supplementation. A TE supplementation was added to the RAS wastewater in a subsequent phase, and a recovery in anammox activity was shown (25% and 24% in NH4+ and NO2- removal, respectively). Future studies need to identify the unknown factor and determine the specific needs regarding TE for optimal RAS wastewater treatment by Candidatus Scalindua.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater on Anammox Performance and Community Structure

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, microbial fuel cells were successfully employed in RAS recently by integrating aerobic nitrification in the cathode and heterotrophic denitrification in the anode chamber through generating electricity thereby implementing both two-step nitrification and denitrification in the same system (Zou et al 2018). A continuous denitrification system could be successfully integrated recently in zero-exchange marine RAS stocked with European sea bass using moving bed biofilm bioreactors (MBBR) for the complete removal of nitrogen (Stavrakidis-Zachou et al 2019). Here, in 42 days a heavy fall in nitrate-nitrogen concentration from 176 to 36 g m −3 was observed within the biofilter.…”

Section: Current Application Status and Prospects Of Nitrification And Denitrification In Rasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A continuous denitrification system could be successfully integrated recently in zero‐exchange marine RAS stocked with European sea bass using moving bed biofilm bioreactors (MBBR) for the complete removal of nitrogen (Stavrakidis‐Zachou et al . 2019). Here, in 42 days a heavy fall in nitrate–nitrogen concentration from 176 to 36 g m −3 was observed within the biofilter.…”

Section: Current Application Status and Prospects Of Nitrification An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrification and denitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems: the processes and players

Preena

Kumar

Singh

2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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One of the major challenges in any sustainable aquaculture production systems is the accumulation of nitrogenous waste such as ammonia and its biological nitrification products viz nitrite and nitrate. Considering the bio-security issues, amelioration of these wastes without water exchange can be accomplished only by way of establishing in situ nitrification and denitrification through biofilters/ bioreactors activated with nitrifying/denitrifying bioaugmentors. In such systems, coexistence of aerobic denitrifiers, anaerobic ammonia oxidizers (Anammox) and complete ammonia oxidizers (Comammox) together with the autotrophic nitrifiers enhance the coupled nitrification-denitrification. This promotes total nitrogen removal without external carbon supplements or additional anerobic compartment in the system. Various recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) comprise diverse nitrifying community in biofilters/bioreactors thereby imparting distinctive nitrogen conversion in the system. Meanwhile, the structure and population dynamics of the nitrifying/denitrifying consortia are influenced by the environmental factors forming the decisive factors of the success of the processes. Accordingly, understanding the complexity of nitrifying/denitrifying community composition turns out to be a requirement to facilitate its improvised performance. In this context, the review addresses different biological nitrogen removal systems, significance of nitrification-denitrification in RAS, genetic diversity of the key players in RAS, methods of analysis of their community structure, current application and prospects of the processes in RAS.

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“…High NO 3 − can be managed through biological conversion of NO 3 − to nitrogen gas (N 2 ) in anaerobic denitrifying biofilters, or by regular water exchanges [15,16]. However, denitrification compartments are not always present in RAS, as this process can lead to the formation and accumulation of intermediate, extremely toxic substances (i.e., NO 2 − , NO and N 2 O) [17,18]. As a result, part of the water has to be exchanged regularly in systems without a denitrification compartment, which constitute the vast majority of RAS today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidatus Scalindua, a Biological Solution to Treat Saline Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater

et al. 2023

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Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are promising candidates for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. A current limitation of RAS is the production and potential accumulation of nitrogenous wastes, ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2−) and nitrate (NO3−), which could affect fish health and welfare. In a previous experiment, we have demonstrated that the marine anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua was a promising candidate to treat the wastewater (WW) of marine, cold-water RAS. However, the activity of the bacteria was negatively impacted after a direct exposure to RAS WW. In the current study, we have further investigated the potential of Ca. Scalindua to treat marine RAS WW in a three-phase experiment. In the first phase (control, 83 days), Ca. Scalindua was fed a synthetic feed, enriched in NH4+, NO2− and trace element (TE) mix. Removal rates of 98.9% and 99.6% for NH4+ and NO2−, respectively, were achieved. In the second phase (116 days), we gradually increased the exposure of Ca. Scalindua to nitrogen-enriched RAS WW over a period of about 80 days. In the last phase (79 days), we investigated the needs of TE supplementation for the Ca. Scalindua after they were fully acclimated to 100% RAS WW. Our results show that the gradual exposure of Ca. Scalindua resulted in a successful acclimation to 100% RAS WW, with maintained high removal rates of both NH4+ and NO2− throughout the experiment. Despite a slight decrease in relative abundance (from 21.4% to 16.7%), Ca. Scalindua remained the dominant species in the granules throughout the whole experiment. We conclude that Ca. Scalindua can be successfully used to treat marine RAS WW, without the addition of TE, once given enough time to acclimate to its new substrate. Future studies need to determine the specific needs for optimal RAS WW treatment by Ca. Scalindua at pilot scale.

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Development of denitrification in semi-automated moving bed biofilm reactors operated in a marine recirculating aquaculture system

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater on Anammox Performance and Community Structure

Effects of Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater on Anammox Performance and Community Structure

Nitrification and denitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems: the processes and players

Candidatus Scalindua, a Biological Solution to Treat Saline Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater

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